ANAT: Anatomy of the Heart and Coronary Circulation

Question 1

What is the key?

CLAPTRAP

Answer 1

T4

CLAPTRAP

• Cardiac plexus
• Ligamentum arteriosum
• Aortic arch

-

Answer 2

Space in between two pulmonary cavities

Key landmark is T4 (superior vs inferior)

Not a fixed structure –> lungs, heart and oesophagus move

Posterior MS had 4 ‘birds’

• vaGOOSE (vagus)
• oeosophaGOOSE (oesophagus)
• azyGOOSE
• thoracic duct

descending aorta as well

Answer 3

Continuous pipe of veins and arteries

Two pumps in series

Priming chambers = atria

Pumping chambers = ventricles

Right = deox

Left = ox

Answer 4

Apex = anterior and to the left; mainly left ventricle

Inferior and left borders

Base = posterior structure and to the right of the midline; largely left atrium

Heart sits forward and pointing to the left

Borders

• Right: Mainly right atrium
• Left: Left ventricle
• Superior: not really
• Inferior: mainly RV, small portion of LV

Surfaces

Anterior (sternocostal): mostly RV

Posterior: LV

Inferior: Heart sits on the diaphragm. IVC doesn’t run in the pericardium, it is blended with diaphragm.

Answer 5

Right: 3rd down to 6th costal cartilage.

Inferior:

Apex:

Left:

Answer 6

Two components with different functions

fibrous (tough external layer) - helps heart pump. Goes all the way around heart to provide strength.

serous - single layer of mesothelial cells, inside fibrous pericardium. Line the heart. Function is for lubrication that allows heart to move around in friction reduced environment.

Answer 7

Thin strips of CT forming “cusps”

Possible to get all the valves in one plane

Fibrous skeleton of the heart (figure 8) - basis for the muscles to hang off

–> function is [INSULATION] stopping AP crossing over from atria to ventricles outside of what their supposed to do

AV valves:

Tricuspid

On the right side (deox), admits the tips of three fingers

Anterior, posterior, septal cusps

Flat, goes down.

Mitral

Left: Two cusps, admits the tips of two fingers

Guards left AV orifice

Anterior and posterior leaflet

VA valves

Aortic and pulmonary (three cusps) (left, right, anterior)

KNOW THE RIGHT ATRIUM!!!