Anarchy Flashcards
What does anarchy mean?
The absence of a higher authority.
What are all states according to the UN charter?
Sovereign and equal
What does Machiavelli say?
Christian values do not apply outside of a state’s boundaries
What is the criticism of mainstream ideas?
They are heavily western-centric
Neorealism on anarchy
Rational calculations. Global distribution of resources. MAD. Capability of neighbours in comparison to oneself.
Security maximization
Defensive realism. The anarchical system forces certain actions. States ae content so long as they are secure.
Influence maximization
Offensive realism. States are influence maximisers. Forced to act aggressively. Want to become the most dominant player within their continent.
What does the social construction of the world argue?
Reality is socially constructed by states. Agency and structure are mutually constitutive. Identity is shaped by interaction and this in turn shapes interests.
What is the promise of constructivism?
Change is possible. Violence is not unavoidable. Can have pacts, agreements, reduce offensive weaponry. Not a struggle of power but how this struggle can be mitigated.
The liberal worldview: what does it emphasize?
Governance beyond the state to mitigate the effects of anarchy. Intergovernmental arrangements, supranational arrangements.
What does globalization help to do?
Keep states in line
What does theory always have?
A purpose or an agenda. Who benefits from the idea?
What is ontological security?
The assumption states all want to solve problems. Untrue in areas where violence has persisted for decades. Easier to engage in aggressive relations than to transcend them.
How do emotions influence global politics?
Humans are not wholly rational. Rivalries, face theories, educated norms, childhood experiences etc.
