Anarchism Flashcards
Outline antistatism and a thinker
State is the main source of exploitation and oppression
State is the corrupting influence on human nature
Authority offends freedom and equality
Proudhon - to be governed is to be controlled by people who don’t have the right nor wisdom
Outline Utopianism and a thinker
The government stimulates greed, aggression and injustice
Human nature is plastic and is shaped by its social context
Optimistic view of human nature will allow people to live harmoniously
Goodwin - humans have a natural propensity to organise their own lives and harmoniously. He critiqued social contract proposing we are rational and want to work together
How do Collectivist anarchists and individualist anarchist aim to achieve utopia and contrast with another ideology
Collectivist anarchists – common ownership and mutualist institution
Individualist anarchist – market regulated itself and leaving autonomous individuals
Conservatism – pessimistic view of human nature
Outline anticlericalism and a thinker
Idea of God = notion of a supreme being
Political and religious authority go hand in hand
Religion robs moral autonomy and establishes a code of acceptable behaviour
Propagates an ideology of obedience
Thoureau - Any law that goes against your conscience should be ignored
Outline economic freedom and a thinker
Distaste for economic systems that dominate society
Anarchists typically identified with the poor and oppressed
Pursuit of profit = exploitation
Bakunin - political power and wealth are inseparable
Bakunin - three social groups in society: the Exploited masses, minority who are exploited but also exploit others, the supreme governing state
Contrast between collectivist anarchists and individualist anarchists view of. Economic freedom and examples for each
C/A - State intervention in economic’s gives capitalism human face
Economy based on cooperation and collective ownership
Anarcho-communism
I/A - Object to violation of property rights and individual freedom thatOccurs in planned economic’s
Economy with a free market and private property
Anarcho-capitalism
Outline mutualism and a thinker
Add contrast with ideology
Fair, nonprofit exchange with the absence of exploitation
Promoted common ownership
Social interaction is voluntary, beneficial, harmonious requiring no interference from government
Proudhon - property is theft
Rejected accumulation of capital
Contrast with HOBBES state of nature
Outline anarcho syndicalism and a thinker
Contrast with ideology
Form of revolutionary trade unionism
Workers should defend themselves by organising syndicates but were also in favour of revolution
Creates decentralised, nonhierarchical society
Promoted direct action, strikes, sabotage
Sorrel – revolution that will lead to anarchism would come about through general strike of the working class
Contrast with social democracy that uses trade unions to help workers in a capitalist society
Outline anarcho communism and a thinker
Contrast with an ideology
Aimed for a communal existence Of small, self managing communes
Decisions were made with direct democracy
Everything is collectively owned
True communism will be achieved through the abolition of the state
Kroptotkin - critiqued social darwinism by arguing that human species are successful because of the ability for mutual aid
Link to Marxism strive towards communism
Contrast with liberal view of state as a necessary evil
Outline egoisms and a key thinker
Contrast with ideology
Places the individual at the centre of the moral universe
Nihilism =A belief in nothing, rejection of moral and political principles (supports anticlericalism)
Accept that humans are essentially concerned with their own ego
Stirner - existentialist - places individual at the centre of the moral universe so he rejects all checks on personal autonomy
Outline libertarianism and a thinker
Contrast with an ideology
Individual should enjoy the widest possible realm of freedom
Disputes should be settled by the use of reason
Promotes free market exchange and labour for labour exchange
Individuals have a sovereign right to the property they produce removal of all external and internal constraints
Thoureau - Only do what your conscience permits you to do regardless of the law
Contrast with conservatism – pessimistic view of human nature
Outline Anarcho capitalism and a thinker
Contrast with ideology
Abandon government and replace it with unregulated market competition
Property owned by sovereign individuals who can decide whether to share in the pursuit of self interest
Extreme capitalism
Rothbard – profit making protection agencies could replace the police and courts
Privately owned protection Association will make the company more responsive to consumer needs because they are being paid
Contrast with socialism who happily oppose capitalism
Contrast with the liberals who even believe there should be limits on the free market
