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MARILYN ANN RAY & PATRICIA BENNER > ANAPHYSIO- TISSUES & MEMBRANES > Flashcards

ANAPHYSIO- TISSUES & MEMBRANES Flashcards

1
Q

tissue

A

is a group of cells that have similar structure and
that function together as a unit.

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2
Q

A nonliving material, that fills the spaces between the cells. This may be abundant in
some tissues and minimal in others.

A

intercellular matrix,

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3
Q

what are the four main tissue types in the body?

A

(ECoMuN)
Epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous

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4
Q

are found on surfaces as either coverings (outer
surfaces) or linings (inner surfaces)

A

Epithelial tissues

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5
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Epithelial tissues have capillaries (smallest type of blood vessel in the body, forming a network that connects arteries and veins).

A

FALSE. They do not have their own capillaries

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6
Q

Classification is based on the type of cell of which the tissue is made,
its characteristic shape, and the number of layers of cells

A

epithelial tissues

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7
Q

Three Distinctive Shapes of Epithelial Tissues

A
  1. Squamous Cells
  2. Cuboidal Cells
  3. Columnar Cells
  • Simple means single layer
  • Stratified means many layers of cells
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8
Q

Types of epithelial cells based on their shapes

A
  • Squamous epithelium
  • Cuboidal epithelium
  • Columnar epithelium
  • Simple
  • Stratified
  • Pseudostratified
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9
Q

Types of epithelial cells in your body

A
  • Simple squamous epithelium
  • Simple cuboidal epithelium
  • Simple columnar epithelium
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10
Q

Types of epithelial cells based on their shape
* Squamous epithelium:

A

flat and sheet-like in appearance.

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11
Q

Types of epithelial cells based on their shape
* Cuboidal epithelium:

A
  • cube-like in appearance
  • equal width, height and depth.
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12
Q

Types of epithelial cells based on their shape
* Columnar epithelium:

A

column-like in appearance, taller

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13
Q

Types of epithelial cells based on their
arrangement

A
  1. simple
  2. stratified
  3. pseudostratified
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14
Q

epithelium means that there’s only one layer of cells.

A

simple

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15
Q

this epithelium is
made up of more than one layer of cells.

A

stratified

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16
Q

this epithelium is made up of closely packed cells that appear to be arranged in layers
because they’re different sizes, but
there’s actually just one layer of cells.

A

pseudostratified

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17
Q

do basal cells regenerates?

A

yes, when apical cells slough off, they are replaced by basal cells

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18
Q

Types of epithelial cells in your body

A
  1. Simple squamous epithelium
  2. Simple cuboidal epithelium:
  3. Simple columnar epithelium
  4. Stratified squamous epithelium
  5. Stratified cuboidal epithelium
  6. Stratified columnar epithelium
  7. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
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19
Q

Simple squamous epithelium

A
  • lines blood vessels and body cavities
  • regulates the passage of substances into the underlying tissue
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20
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium

A
  • found
    in glandular (secreting) tissue and kidney tubules.
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21
Q

simple columnar epithelium

A
  • specialized for absorption
  • usually has apical cilia or microvilli.
  • line your stomach and intestines.
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22
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium

A
  • has protective functions,
  • protection against microorganisms
    from invading underlying tissue and/or protection against water loss.
  • The outer layer of your skin (the epidermis) is made of stratified
    squamous epithelial cells
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23
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

not as common and is found in the excretory ducts of your salivary and
sweat glands.

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24
Q

Stratified columnar epithelium

A

not as common and is seen in the
1, mucous membrane (conjunctiva) lining
your eyelids, where it’s both protective and mucus-secreting.

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25
Q

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium:

A

lines your upper respiratory tract and usually has a lot of cillia

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26
Q

Epithelial cells based on specialized functions

A

TGO
Transitional epithelium
Glandular epithelium
Olfactory epithelium

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27
Q

Transitional epithelium

A
  • also known as urothelium
  • flattened when stretched
  • urinary tract
  • allows bladder to expand
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28
Q

Glandular

A
  • specialized to produce and secrete
    (release) substances such as hormones, proteins, and H20
  • found in the glands
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29
Q

Olfactory epithelium

A
  • nasal cavity
  • contain olfactory receptor cells
  • specialized cilia extensions
  • the cilia trap odors
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30
Q

What does the epithelium do?

A

(PSAEFDS)
protection
secretion
absorption
excretion
filtration
diffusion
sensory receptor

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31
Q

simple sqamous location

A

alveoli of lungs - permit diffusion of gases
capillaries - thin to permit exchange of materials; smooth to prevent abnormal blood clotting

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32
Q

stratified squamos location and function

A
  1. epidermis - surface cells are dead; a barrier to pathogen
  2. lining of esophagus, vagina- surface cells are living; barrier to pathogens
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33
Q

Transitional structure

A

many layers of cells; surface cells change from rounded to flat

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34
Q

transitional location and functional

A

Urinary bladder - expansions

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35
Q

cuboidal location and functon

A

thyroid gland- secrete hormones
salivary glands- saliva
kidney tubules - reabsorption of useful materials

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36
Q

columnar location and function

A

lining of stomach - secrete gastric juice
Lining of small intestine - secrete enzymes and absorbs end products of digestion

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37
Q

cilliated

A

one layer of columnar with cillia on surface

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38
Q

cillated location and function

A

lining of trachea- sweeps mucus and dust to pharynx
lining of fallopian tube - sweeps ovum towards uterus

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39
Q

connective tissue

A
  • bind structures together
  • form a framework
  • support organs and the body
  • store fat
  • transport substances
  • protect agains diseases
  • repair tissue damage
40
Q

connective tissue is characterized by an abundance of _______. (a non-living
structure) with relatively few
cells

A

intercellular matrix

41
Q

are able to
reproduce but not as rapidly as
epithelial cells.

A

Connective tissue cells

42
Q

Most ______ have a
good blood supply but some do
not.

A

connective tissues

43
Q

what are the three components of connective tissue

A

(CFR)
cells, fibers, ground substance

44
Q

a clear, colorless, viscous fluid that fills the space between the cells and fibers

A

ground substances

45
Q

what makes up the extracellular matrix?

A

fibers and ground substance

46
Q

3 types of collagen

A

collagen fibers
elastic fibers
reticular fibers

47
Q
  • the strongest and most abundant of all the connective tissue fibers
  • fibrous proteins and are secreted into the extracellular space and they
    provide high tensile strength to the matrix
A

collagen fibers

48
Q
  • help the connective tissue to stretch and recoil
  • are long, thin fibers that form branching network in the extracellular matrix
A

elastic fiber

49
Q
  • are short, fine collagenous fibers that can branch extensively to form a
    delicate network
A

reticular fivers

50
Q

Four Main Categories of Connective Tissue

A

CCBB
1. Connective Proper
a. Loose Connective Tissue : (AAR)
* Areolar
* Adipose
* Reticular
b. Dense Connective Tissue: (DDE)
* Dense Regular
* Dense Irregular
* Elastic
2. Cartilage: (EHF)
a. Elastic Cartilage
b. Hyaline Cartilage
c. Fibrocartilage
3. Bone
4. Blood

51
Q

These tissues are widely distributed
and serve as a universal packing
material between other tissues.

A

Areolar Connective Tissue

52
Q

its function include the support and binding of other tissues. It also helps in defending against
infection.

A

Areolar Connective Tissue

53
Q

When a body region is inflamed, the
______ in the area soaks up the
excess fluid as a sponge and the
affected area swells and becomes
puffy, a condition called edema.

A

areolar tissue

54
Q

This is loose connective tissue composed
of adipocytes.

A

Adipose Connective Tissue (Body Fat)

55
Q

Its main role is to store energy in the form of lipids, although it also cushions and
insulates the body.

A

Adipose Connective Tissue (Body Fat)

56
Q

2 types of adipose tissue are:

A

a. white adipose tissue (WAT) and
b. brown adipose tissue (BAT).

57
Q

adipose tissue is found in specific locations, referred to as ______

A

adipose depots.

58
Q
  • This tissue resembles areolar
    connective tissue, but the only
    fibers in its matrix are the
    reticular fibers, which form a
    delicate network. (mura ni siya ug sakura tree)
A

Reticular Connective Tissue

59
Q

is limited to
certain sites in the body, such as
internal frameworks that can
support lymph nodes, spleen,
and bone marrow.

A

Reticular Tissue

60
Q

This consists of closely packed bundles
of collagen fibers running in the same
direction.
* These collagen fibers are slightly wavy
and can stretch a little bit.

A

Dense regular Connective Tissue

61
Q
  • With the tensile strength of collagen,
    this tissue forms tendons, aponeurosis
    and ligaments.
  • This tissue forms the fascia, which is a
    fibrous membrane that wraps around
    the muscles, blood vessels, and
    nerves.
A

Dense regular Connective Tissue

62
Q
  • This has the same structural elements
    as dense regular tissue, but the
    bundles of collagen fibers are much
    thicker and arranged irregularly.
A

Dense irregular Connective Tissue

63
Q
  • This tissue is found in areas where
    tension is exerted from many different
    directions.
A

Dense irregular Connective Tissue

64
Q
  • The main fibers that form this
    tissue are elastic in nature.
  • These fibers allow the tissues to
    recoil after stretching.
A

Elastic Connective Tissue

65
Q
  • This is especially seen in the
    arterial blood vessels and walls
    of the bronchial tubes.
A

Elastic Connective Tissue

66
Q
  • This is the most abundant of all
    cartilage in the body.
  • Its matrix appears transparent or glassy
    when viewed under a microscope.
A

Hyaline Cartilage

67
Q
  • It provides strong support while
    providing pads for shock absorption.
  • It is a major part of the embryonic
    skeleton, the costal cartilages of the
    ribs, and the cartilage of the nose,
    trachea, and larynx.
A

Hyaline Cartilage

68
Q
  • This is similar to hyaline cartilage
    but is more elastic in nature.
A

Elastic Cartilage

69
Q

Its function is to maintain the
shape of the structure while
allowing flexibility.

A

Elastic Cartilage

70
Q

It is found in the external ear
(known as an auricle) and in the
epiglottis.

A

Elastic Cartilage

71
Q

This is a blend of hyaline cartilage and
dense regular connective tissue.

A

Fibrocartilage

72
Q

Because it is compressible and resists tension well, _______ is found
where strong support and the ability to withstand heavy pressure are
required.

A

fibrocartilage

73
Q

It is found in the intervertebral discs
of the bony vertebrae and knee
meniscus.

A

fibrocartilage

74
Q

bone tissue also called what

A

osseous tissue

75
Q
  • The osseous tissue is relatively hard
    and lightweight in nature.
  • It is mostly formed of calcium
    phosphate in the chemical
    arrangement termed calcium
    hydroxyapatite, which gives bones
    their rigidity
A

bone

76
Q

It has relatively high compressive
strength, but poor tensile strength,
and very low shear stress strength.

A

bone

77
Q
  • The hard outer layer of ______ is
    composed of compact bone tissue,
    so-called due to its minimal gaps
    and spaces.
  • Its porosity is 5–30%.
A

bones

78
Q
  • This tissue gives bones their
    smooth, white, and solid
    appearance, and accounts for 80%
    of the total bone mass of an adult
    skeleton
A

compact bones

79
Q

Filling the interior of the bone is the
________ (an open cell
porous network also called
cancellous or spongy bone), which is
composed of a network of rod and
plate-like elements that make the
overall organ lighter and allow room
for blood vessels and marrow.

A

trabecular bone tissue

80
Q

This is considered a specialized
form of connective tissue.

A

blood

81
Q

a bodily fluid in
animals that delivers
necessary substances, such as
nutrients and oxygen, to the
cells and transports metabolic
waste products away from
those same cells

A

blood

82
Q

blood is _____ since it
does not bind, connect, or
network with any body
cells. It is made up of
blood cells and is
surrounded by a nonliving
fluid called plasma.

A

blood

83
Q

is a specialized tissue found in animals which
functions by contracting, thereby applying forces to
different parts of the body

A

muscle tissue

84
Q

consists of fibers of muscle cells connected
together in sheets and fibers.
* Together these sheets and fibers and known as muscles,
and control the movements of an organisms as well as
many other contractile functions.

A

muscle tissue

85
Q

Types of Muscle Tissue

A
  1. Skeletal Muscle Tissue
  2. Cardiac Muscle Tissue
  3. Smooth Muscle Tissue
86
Q

may also be called “striated”
muscle or voluntary muscle.

A
  • Skeletal muscle
87
Q

cylindrical, have
several nuclei and appear striated

A
  • Skeletal muscle
88
Q

makes up the muscles that
are attached to bones

A
  • Skeletal muscle
89
Q

cells of the heart

A

cardia muscle

90
Q
  • They are branched, have one nucleus each,
    and have faint striations
A

cardiac muscle

91
Q

cardiac muscle cell membranes are somewhat folded (known
as ______ ) and permit the electrical
impulses to pass from cell to cell causing
contraction

A

intercalated discs

92
Q

have the ability to contract by
themselves and maintain its own beat

A

cardiac muscle

93
Q

Smooth Muscle
* Smooth muscle may also be called
______________
The cells of smooth muscle have
tapered ends, a single nucleus, and no
striations

A

involuntary muscle or visceral muscle.

94
Q

The functions of _____ are
actually functions of the organs in which
the muscle is found

A

smooth muscle

95
Q
  • In the stomach and intestines,_______ contracts in
    waves called peristalsis to propel food through the
    digestive tract.
A

smooth muscle

96
Q
  • In the walls of arteries and veins, _____ constricts
    or dilates the vessels to maintain normal blood pressure.
A

smooth muscle

97
Q
  • The iris of the eye has two sets of smooth muscle fibers to
    constrict or dilate the pupil, which regulates the amount of
    light that strikes the retina.
A

smooth muscle

MARILYN ANN RAY & PATRICIA BENNER (2 decks)

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