Anaphylaxis

Question 1

What are the clinical signs of Anaphylaxis

Answer 1

• generalised flushing of the skin
• nettle rash (hives) anywhere on the body
• sense of impending doom
• swelling of throat and mouth
• difficulty in swallowing or speaking
• alterations in heart rate
• severe asthma
• abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting
• sudden feeling of weakness (drop in blood pressure)
• collapse and unconsciousness

Question 2

Role of the mast cell in anaphylaxis explain

Answer 2

• Mast cells rapidly degranulate upon crosslinking of specific IgE by corresponding allergens and release preformed histamine
• Much of the acute phase allergic reaction can be ascribed to the direct effects of histamine on the surrounding tissues, for example the swelling, itching, sneezing in allergic rhinitis; and this also explains the benefits of using histamine receptor antagonists.
• Can live in the body for unto 10 years which is why the second expose to a allergen produces a greater response

Question 3

Define Anaphylaxis

Answer 3

Suspected allergic reaction presenting with cutaneous symptoms and life threatening cardiovascular or respiratory compromise.

Question 4

What is the Pharmacological treatment

Answer 4

• Adrenaline
• Chlorphenamine Malate
• Hydrocortisone

Question 5

What is a Mast Cell

Answer 5

Is a type of white blood cell, specifically it is a type of granulocyte that is part of the immune and neuroimmune system and contains many granules rich in Histamine and heparin

• Best known for the role they play in allergy and anaphylaxis, they are also involved in protective roles swell.
• Wound healing
• Immune tolerance
• Defense against pathogens
• Blood brain barrier function