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Emergency Medicine > Anaphylaxis > Flashcards

Anaphylaxis Flashcards

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Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards
1
Q

What are the symptoms of anaphylaxis?

A
  • Skin rashes, itching, and hives (urticaria)
  • Swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat
  • Shortness of breath, trouble breathing, wheezing
  • Cough, cyanosis
  • Dizziness and/or fainting
  • Stomach pain, vomiting, or diarrhea

Symptoms involve multiple body systems including skin, lungs, heart, gut, and brain.

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2
Q

What is the first step in managing anaphylaxis?

A

High flow O2

Providing oxygen is critical in managing anaphylaxis.

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3
Q

What position should a patient be placed in during anaphylaxis management?

A

Lay flat

This position helps stabilize the patient.

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4
Q

Where should IM adrenaline (epinephrine) be administered in an anaphylactic patient?

A

Anterolateral aspect of the middle thigh

This site allows for rapid absorption of the medication.

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5
Q

In a hypotensive patient experiencing anaphylaxis, what should be given first?

A

IM adrenaline

Followed by IV fluids for further management.

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6
Q

True or False: Adrenaline (epinephrine) is the most important drug in anaphylaxis management.

A

True

It is crucial to administer adrenaline as soon as possible.

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7
Q

Fill in the blank: Anaphylaxis is usually characterized by involvement of _____ parts of the body.

A

more than one

Symptoms can affect multiple systems simultaneously.

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8
Q

What is the recommended dose of IM Adrenaline for infants under 6 months?

A

150 micrograms (0.15ml 1 in 1,000)

This dose is specifically for patients under 6 months of age.

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9
Q

What is the recommended dose of IM Adrenaline for children aged 6 months to 6 years?

A

150 micrograms (0.15ml 1 in 1,000)

The same as for infants under 6 months.

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10
Q

What is the recommended dose of IM Adrenaline for children aged 6-12 years?

A

300 micrograms (0.3ml 1 in 1,000)

This dose increases as the child’s age increases.

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11
Q

What is the recommended dose of IM Adrenaline for adults and children over 12 years?

A

500 micrograms (0.5ml 1 in 1,000)

This is the maximum standard dose for this age group.

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12
Q

What is the best site for IM injection of Adrenaline?

A

The anterolateral aspect of the middle third of the thigh

This site is recommended for optimal absorption.

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13
Q

What is the recommended dose of Hydrocortisone for children?

A

250 micrograms/kg

This dosage is weight-dependent.

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14
Q

What is the recommended dose of Chlorphenamine for adults?

A

10 mg

This is the standard dose for adult patients.

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15
Q

What is the recommended dose of Chlorphenamine for children aged 6-12 years?

A

5 mg

This dosage is suitable for this age group.

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16
Q

What is the recommended dose of Chlorphenamine for children aged 6 months to 6 years?

A

2.5 mg

A lower dose for younger children.

17
Q

How often can Adrenaline be repeated if necessary?

A

Every 5 minutes

This is important for managing acute allergic reactions.

18
Q

Fill in the blank: After giving Adrenaline, give _______ and _______.

A

Hydrocortisone and Chlorpheniramine

These medications are given to manage the allergic reaction.

19
Q

True or False: Adrenaline is always given intravenously.

A

False

Adrenaline is always given intramuscularly.

20
Q

How long should patients be observed after treatment for anaphylaxis?

A

6-12 hours

This observation period is crucial due to the possibility of biphasic reactions occurring in up to 20% of patients.

21
Q

What is a biphasic reaction in the context of anaphylaxis?

A

A secondary reaction that can occur after the initial anaphylactic episode.

22
Q

What percentage of patients may experience biphasic reactions?

A

Up to 20%

23
Q

What test is sometimes taken to confirm anaphylaxis?

A

Serum tryptase levels

Serum tryptase levels remain elevated for up to 12 hours following an acute episode of anaphylaxis.

24
Q

What indicates that a patient is having an allergic reaction rather than anaphylaxis?

A

Rash only, with no difficulty of breathing

25
Q

What should be administered if a patient has an allergic reaction with rash only?

A

Oral antihistamine (e.g., oral chlorpheniramine)

26
Q

What is the recommended sequence of administration for treating Allergic Reaction( In anaphylaxis Rash occur with BreathingDifficulty) ?

A

Antihistamine first (either oral or IV), followed by IV hydrocortisone.

27
Q

True or False: Serum tryptase levels are not useful in diagnosing anaphylaxis.

A

False

Emergency Medicine (4 decks)

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