ANAPHY - Module 1 - 2 Flashcards
Studies the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another
Anatomy
Tiny building blocks of matter, combine to form molecules
Atoms
Is the external covering of the body, or the skin, including the hair and fingernails
Integumentary System
Includes all the activities promoted by the muscular system, such as propelling ourselves from one place to another (by walking,
or swimming)
Movement
Is the set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units, these reactions figure energy, known also as an endergonic process.
Anabolism
Determines the level (set point) at which a variable is to be maintained.
Control Center
Is a type of sensor that monitors and responds to changes in the environment.
Receptor
Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Distal
Plane that can be any angle other than horizontal or vertical.
Oblique Plane
Allow medical personnel and anatomists to explain exactly where one body structure is in relation to another
Directional terms
Systems act to increase the initial stimulus
Positive feedback
Directional term meaning between a more medial and a more lateral structure.
Ex. The collarbone is ________ between the breastbone and the shoulder
Intermediate
When the section is made through the body wall or through an organ, it is made along an imaginary line called a
Plane
Is a cut along a horizontal plane, dividing the body or organ into superior and inferior parts. It is also called a cross section
Transverse Section
The superior thoracic cavity is separated from the rest of the ventral cavity by a dome-shaped muscle, called
diaphragm
It extends from the cranial cavity to the end of the spinal cord.
Spinal Cavity
A central region called _________ separates the lungs into right and left cavities in the thoracic cavity.
Mediastinum
Area between hips at base of spine
Sacral
Lateral part of leg
Fibular
Anatomical term of anterior knee
Patellar
Eleven organ systems
integumentary system, skeletal system, muscular system, nervous system, endocrine system, cardiovascular system, lymphatic system, respiratory system, digestive system, urinary system, and reproductive system
3 parts of a generalized, composite cells
plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus
Substances contributing to body mass that are found outside of the cells
ECF (extracellular fluid), Cellular secretions, Extracellular matrix (ECM)
- One of the Functions of the Plasma Membrane that determines which substances enters or exit the cell
Selective Permeability
A passive membrane transport that either through a) binding to carrier proteins or through water filled channel proteins.
Facilitated Diffusion
More dilute than cells, cells plump up or lyse.
Hypotonic
In which cells come together, touch and recognize one another. Useful in development and immunity
Contact Signaling
Spherical membranous organelles containing activated hydrolytic enzymes and digests all kinds of biological molecules including invading bacteria and cell debris
Lysosomes
Tiny, finger-like extensions of the plasma membrane that project from an exposed cell surface. It increase the cell surface and and most often found in absorptive cells in the intestine and kidney
Microvilli
Projections formed by centrioles but longer. The only flagellated cell is a sperm which has one propulsive flagellum. It propels the cell itself.
Flagella
Series of changes a cell goes through from the time it is formed until it reproduces
Cell Cycle
Period from cell formation to cell division
Interphase
DNA is replicated, ensuring 2 future cells will receive identical copies of the genetic material
S subphase
Enzymes and other proteins are synthesized, centriole replication is complete
G2 subphase (Gap 2)
Division of the nucleus, is the series of events that parcels out the replicated DNA of the parent cell to two daughter cells
Mitosis
2 units form functional ribosomes which are sites of protein synthesis
Ribosomal RNA
Programmed cell death, rids the body of cells that are programmed to have a limited life span
Apoptosis
Sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity, a boundary-forming tissue
Epithelial Tissue
Non-cellular, adhesive sheet consisting of glycoproteins that acts as a selective filter that determines which molecules are allowed to enter the epithelium
Basal Lamina
Product hormones that enter the blood or lymphatic fluid to specific target organs
Endocrine
Well-vascularized tissues that are responsible for most type of body movement
Muscle Tissue
