ANAPHY CHAPTER 1 Flashcards
(21 cards)
10 ORGAN SYSTEMS
- Integumentary
- Skeletal
- Muscular
- Nervous
- Endocrine
- Cardiovascular
- Lymphatic
- Respiratory
- Digestive
- Urinary
Forms the external body covering; protects deeper tissue from injury; synthesizes vitamin D; location of sensory receptors (pain, pressure, etc.) and sweat and oil glands.
This system is the external covering of the body, or the skin, including the hair and fingernails. It
waterproofs the body and cushions and protects the deeper tissues from injury. With the help of sunlight, it produces vitamin D. It also excretes salts in perspiration and helps regulate body tem- perature. Sensory receptors located in the skin alert us to what is happening at the body surface.
Integumentary System
Protects and supports body organs; provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement; blood cells are formed within bones; stores minerals.
Skeletal System
Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression; maintains posture; produces heat.
Muscular System
Fast-acting control system of the body; responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands
Nervous System
Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use by body cells.
Endocrine System
Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, carbon dioxide, wastes, etc.; the heart pumps blood.
Cardiovascular System
Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood; disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream; houses white blood cells involved in immunity
Lymphatic
Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide; the gaseous exchanges occur through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs.
Respiratory
Breaks food down into absorbable nutrients that enter the blood for distribution to body cells; indigestible foodstuffs are eliminated as feces.
Digestive
Eliminates nitrogen-containing wastes from the body; regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the blood.
Urinary System
Necessary Life Functions:
Maintaining Boundaries
Movement
Responsiveness, or irritability
Digestion
Excretion
Reproduction
Growth
Metabolism
What necessary life function says :
Every living organism must be able to maintain its boundaries so that its “inside” remains distinct from its “outside.” Every cell of the human body is surrounded by an external membrane that sepa- rates its contents from the outside interstitial fluid (fluid between cells) and allows entry of needed substances while generally preventing entry of potentially damaging or unnecessary substances. The body as a whole is also enclosed by the integumentary system, or skin. The integumen- tary system protects internal organs from drying out (which would be fatal), from pathogens, and from the damaging effects of heat, sunlight, and an unbelievable number of chemical substances in the external environment.
Maintaining Boundaries
includes all the activities promoted by the muscular system, such as propelling ourselves from one place to another (by walking, swim- ming, and so forth) and manipulating the exter- nal environment with our fingers. The skeletal system provides the bones that the muscles pull on as they work. Movement also occurs when substances such as blood, foodstuffs, and urine are propelled through the internal organs of the cardiovascular, digestive, and urinary systems, respectively.
Movement
, is the ability to sense changes (stimuli) in the environment and then to react to them. For example, if you acci- dentally touch a hot pan, you involuntarily pull your hand away from the painful stimulus
Responsiveness, or irritability
is the process of breaking down ingested food into simple molecules that can then be absorbed into the blood. The nutrient-rich blood is then distributed to all body cells by the cardiovascular system, where body cells use these simple molecules for energy and raw materials
Digestion
is a broad term that refers to all chemical reactions that occur within the body and all of its cells. It includes breaking down com- plex substances into simpler building blocks (as in digestion), making larger structures from smaller ones, and using nutrients and
oxygen to produce molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy-rich molecules that power cellular activi- ties. This life function depends on the digestive and respiratory systems to make nutrients and oxygen available to the blood and on the cardiovascu- lar system to distribute these needed substances throughout the body.This life function is regulated chiefly by hormones secreted by the glands of the endocrine system
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Metabolism
is the process of removing excreta (ek-skre′tah), or wastes, from the body. Several organ systems participate in excretion. For exam- ple, the digestive system rids the body of indigest- ible food residues in feces, the urinary system disposes of nitrogen-containing metabolic wastes in urine, and the skin disposes of various waste products as components of sweat.
Excretion
the production of offspring, can occur on the cellular or organismal level. In cel- lular reproduction, the original cell divides, pro- ducing two identical daughter cells that may then be used for body growth or repair. Reproduction of the human organism is the task of the organs of the reproductive system, which produce sperm and eggs. When a sperm unites with an egg, a fertilized egg forms, which then develops into a baby within the mother’s body. The function of the reproductive system is regulated very precisely by hormones of the endocrine system.
Reproduction
Life function that makes an increase in cell size or an increase in body size that is usually accomplished by an increase in the number of cells. For this to occur, cell-constructing activities must occur at a faster rate than cell-destroying ones. Hormones released by the endocrine system play a major role in directing this
Growth
Survival needs?
Nutrients -. Carbohydrates . Proteins , fats are essential for building cell structures , minerals and vitamins
Oxygen -
Body Temperature - 37°C (98.6°F),
Athmospheric Pressure- breathing and the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs
