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Anaphy - GI > Anaphy 1 > Flashcards

Anaphy 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Forms its anterior roof

A

Hard palate

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2
Q

form its posterior roof

A

soft palate

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3
Q

a fleshy finger like projection of the soft palate

A

Uvula

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4
Q

tear and grind food, breaking it down into smaller fragments

A

teeth

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5
Q

first set that begins to erupt around 6 months

A

Milk teeth or deciduous teeth

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6
Q

a baby has a full set of 20 teeth by age of?

A

2 years old

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7
Q

First teeth to appear

A

lower central incisors

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8
Q

second set of teeth that enlarge and develop

A

permanent teeth

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9
Q

emerged between 17-25

A

3rd molars

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10
Q

chisel-shaped adapted for cutting

A

incisor

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11
Q

fang like for tearing or piercing

A

Canine

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12
Q

have broad crowns with rounded tops suited for grinding

A

molar and premolar

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13
Q

have broad crowns with rounded tops suited for grinding

A

molar and premolar

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14
Q

product of salivary glands, a mixture of mucus and serous fluids

A

saliva

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15
Q

moistens and helps bind food together into a mass called bolus which makes chewing and swallowing easier

A

Mucus

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16
Q

is an invitation enzyme contained in the clear serious portion which begins the process of start digestion in the mouth

A

Salivary amylase

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17
Q

contains substances or antibodies such as IgA that inhibit bacteria and has a protective function

A

saliva

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18
Q

antibodies in saliva and tears

A

IgA

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19
Q

first to respond in case of infection

A

IgM

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20
Q

most abundant and respond to bacteria or viral infection

A

IgG

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21
Q

antibody for parasitic and allergic reaction

A

IgE

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22
Q

least understand antibodies

A

IgD

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23
Q

area contained by the teeth

A

Oral Cavity

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24
Q

occupies the floor of the mouth

A

tongue

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25
Q

posterior enf of the oral cavity which paired masses of lymphatic tissue; component of_____ first line of defense against infection

A

Palatine Tonsils; Waldeyer’s ring

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26
Q

food from the mouth passes posteriorly into oropharynx and laryngopharynx, both of which are common passageways for foods, fluids, and air

A

Pharynx

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27
Q

it is about____ long, a passageway that conducts food from the pharynx to the stomach?

A

25 cm (10 inches) ; Esophagus or Gullet

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28
Q

The distal end of the esophagus is guarded by ____. Which prevents food regurgitation?

A

lower esophageal sphincter

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29
Q

It is also known as _____ It prevents gastric reflux.

A

Cardiac sphincter

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30
Q

a flap of cartilage over the top of the larynx keeps food out of the larynx during swallowing

A

Epiglottis

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31
Q

C-shaped located on the left side of the abdominal cavity, nearly hidden by the liver and diaphragm

A

Stomach

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32
Q

expanded part of the stomach lateral to the cardiac region

A

fundus

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33
Q

midportion of stomach

A

body

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34
Q

the funnel-shaped, terminal part which is continuous with the small intestine, which prevents food from getting back to the stomach from the small intestine

A

Pylorus

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35
Q

How long is the stomach

A

25 cm (10 inches) long

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36
Q

stomach can hold?

A

4 liters of food (1 gallon)

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37
Q

How much gastric juices are secreted by the gastric glands

A

1500-3000 ml

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38
Q

Acts as a temporary “storage tank” for food as well as a site for food breakdown.

A

stomach

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39
Q

produce protein-digesting enzymes mostly pepsinogens

A

Chief cells or Zymogenic

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40
Q

____, which is an inactive enzyme, is converted into ____, the active form, in the presence of HCL.

A

Pepsinogen; pepsin

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41
Q

Protein is converted into polypeptides through the presence of?

A

Pepsin

42
Q

their presence starts the Digestion of emulsified fats

A

Gastric lipase

43
Q

Milk is curdled and casein is set free through the action of

A

Rennin or chymosin

44
Q

produce corrosive hydrochloric acid, which makes the stomach contents acidic and activates the enzymes.

A

Parietal cells

45
Q

These cells produce ___ necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine

A

Parietal cells; Intrinsic factors

46
Q

If deficiency in Vit. B1(Thiamine_

A
  • Wernicke’s encephalopathy
  • Korsakoff’s syndrome
  • Beri-beri
47
Q

If deficiency in Vit. B2 (Riboflavin)

A
  • Cheilosis
  • Lesions on the mucocutaneous surface of the mouth
48
Q

If deficiency in Vit. B3 (Niacin)

A
  • Pellagra (rough skin)
49
Q

If deficiency in Vit. B6 (Pyridoxine)

A
  • Seizure, peripheral neuritis, headache, nausea, anemia
50
Q

If deficiency in Vit. B9 (Folic acid)

A
  • Megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects
51
Q

if deficiency in Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)

A

Penicious anemia

52
Q

produce a sticky alkaline mucus, protects the stomach wall itself from being damaged by the acid and digested by the enzymes

A

mucus neck cells

53
Q

produced by local hormones that are important to the digestive activities of the stomach and is secreted directly into the stomach

A

Gastrin

54
Q

Most digestive activity occurs in the?

A

pyloric region of the stomach.

55
Q

After food has been processed in the stomach, it resembles a heavy cream called __ that enters the small intestine through the pyloric sphincter.

A

chyme

56
Q

stops here as amylase from the salivary glands is inactivated by the acidity of the stomach

A

Carbohydrate digestion

57
Q

Carbohydrates are emptied within

A

1-2 hrs

58
Q

proteins are emptied within

A

3-4 hrs

59
Q

Fats are emptied within

A

4-6 hrs

60
Q

The body’s major digestive organ

A

Small intestine

61
Q

Small intestine is a muscular tube extending from the ____ to the ___ (separates the ileo and cecal)

A

pyloric sphincter; ileocecal valve

62
Q

It is the longest section of the alimentary tube, with an average length of 2-4 m (6-13 feet)

A

small intestine

63
Q

curves around the head of the pancreas which is about 25 cm long

A

Duodenum

64
Q
  • about 2.5m (8- feet) long and extends from the duodenum to the ileum
  • reabsorption of sugar, amino acids, fats
A

Jejunum

65
Q
  • about 3.6 m (12 feet) long and is the terminal part of the small intestine
  • absorption of bicarbonate
A

Ileum

66
Q

controls food movement into the small intestine from the stomach and prevents the small intestine from being overwhelmed

A

pyloric sphincter

67
Q

About 1.5 m (5 -6feet) long which extends from the ileocecal valve to the anus

A

large intestine

68
Q

dry out the indigestible food residues from the water, to eliminate these residues from the body as feces.

A

large intestine

69
Q
  • first part of the large intestine
  • solute or water
A

Cecum

70
Q
  • hangs from the cecum, it is twisted, ideal location for bacteria to accumulate and multiply
  • unknown/ some house of good bacteria
A

Appendix

71
Q

____ travels up to the right side of the abdominal cavity and makes a turn, the right colic, or hepatic flexure, to travel across the abdominal cavity as ____

A

ascending colon; transverse colon

72
Q

turns again at the LEFT COLIC or SPLENIC FLEXURE and continues down the left side as the ____ enters the pelvis where it becomes the S-shaped ____

A

descending colon; sigmoid colon

73
Q

The LI absorbs water, sodium and chloride. Approximately ___ of water is absorbed.

A

500-1000ml of water

74
Q

A soft, pink triangular gland that extends across the abdomen from the spleen to the duodenum

A

Pancreas

75
Q

The exocrine portion of the pancreas, through secretory units called ____, secretes alkaline pancreatic juice containing many different enzymes

A

acini cells

76
Q

The pancreas produces how much pancreatic juice daily?

A

1500-3000 ml

77
Q

Secretion of pancreatic juice is controlled by the ___and the intestinal hormones ___and ___

A

vagus nerve, secretin, and cholecytokinin

78
Q

promotes fat breakdown and absorption

A

pancreatic lipase

79
Q

completes starch digestion

A

pancreatic amylase

80
Q

responsible for half of all protein digestion

A

Trypsin or Chymotrypsin

81
Q

break down nucleic acids

A

Nucleases

82
Q
  • 1300 ml of blood per min/ 20-25% of CA
  • largest gland in the body located under the diaphragm more to the right side of the body
A

Liver

83
Q

Liver weighs about ___ in the average size adult

A

4 lb. (1.4 kg)

84
Q

liver is encased in a fibro-elastic capsule called ___ that contains blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves

A

Glisson capsule

85
Q

Two- thirds of the blood supply comes from ____ which is mostly un-oxygenated blood. (80-85%, 2/3)

A

portal vein

86
Q

The _____ delivers about_____of deoxygenated blood to the liver from the inferior and superior mesenteric veins and the splenic vein.

A

hepatic portal vein; 800-1200 ml/min

87
Q

The ____ branching from the abdominal aorta provides oxygenated blood at a rate of ___ (25%, 1/5)

A

hepatic artery; 100-500 ml/min.

88
Q

Liver tissue consists of functional units called _______, which are composed of plates of hepatocytes

A

hepatic lobules

89
Q

Sinusoids of liver blood- filled spaces within lobules, are lined with _____, which are phagocytic cells that remove debris from the blood.

A

Kupffer cells

90
Q

Liver cells secretes ____of bile daily (50-70% concentrated)

A

700-1000 ml

91
Q

When bile is not needed for digestion, the _____ (located at the point at which bile enters the duodenum) is closed, and bile backs up the cystic duct into the gallbladder for storage.

A

Sphincter of Oddi

92
Q

____is a yellow-to-green watery solution containing bile salts, bile pigments chiefly _____ (a breakdown product of hemoglobin), cholesterol, phospholipids and a variety of electrolytes.

A

Bile; bilirubin

93
Q

normal Serum bilirubin

A

0.1- 1mg/dl

94
Q

The ____ joins the hepatic duct to form the common bile duct, from which bile enters into the duodenum

A

cystic duct

95
Q

formation and storage of glucose to glycogen

A

Glycogenesis

96
Q

breakdown of glycogen to glucose

A

Glycogenolysis

97
Q

breakdown of fats and protein into glucose)

A

Gluconeogenesis

98
Q

Stores iron as____which is released as needed for the production of RBCs

A

Ferritin

99
Q

Small, thin-walled green sac that lie in a shallow fossa in the inferior surface of the liver

A

Gallbladder

100
Q

Gallbladder stores ____of concentrated bile

A

50-70 ml

Anaphy - GI (1 decks)

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