Analyzing Proportions

Question 1

what is a proportion

Answer 1

the fraction of a population bearing some trait

Question 2

how does proportion apply to statistic s

Answer 2

its the probability that an individual chosen from a population will bear the trait of interest

Question 3

what numbers are proportions between

Answer 3

0 and 1

Question 4

what does the binomial distribution apply towards

Answer 4

measurements that can be divided into two mutually exclusive groups

Question 5

what is the general outcome for a binomial distribution/test

Answer 5

success (shows the desired outcome) or failure (does not show the desired outcome)

Question 6

what is the binomial distribution

Answer 6

the probability distribution for the number of successes in a fixed number of trials when the probability of each success is THE SAME FOR EACH TRIAL

Question 7

what variable represents number of successes

Answer 7

X

Question 8

what variable represents the number of independent trials

Answer 8

n

Question 9

what variable represents the probability of success for each trial

Answer 9

p-hat

Question 9

what are important assumptions for n in a binomial distribution

Answer 9

1. separate trials are independent
2. probability of success (p) is the same in every trial

Question 10

describe the binomial distribution equation

Answer 10

Question 11

how to calculate “n chose X”

Answer 11

Question 12

when do we have an unbiased estimate

Answer 12

when the mean sampling proportion= population proportion

Question 13

how does a graph show a more precise sampling proportion value

Answer 13

the narrower spread of the data = more precise p-hat value

Question 14

what is the binomial test

Answer 14

a test that uses data to test whether a population proportion (p) matches a null hypothesis expectation for the proportion

Question 15

what is a null hypothesis for binomial test

Answer 15

relative frequency of successes in the population is the expected null hypothesis proportion (po)

Question 16

what is an alternative hypothesis for binomial test

Answer 16

the relative frequency of successes in the population is NOT the expected null hypothesis value

Question 17

is the alternative hypothesis in a binomial test two sided or one

Answer 17

two sided
( can either be above or below the null hypothesis expectation)

Question 18

when do we reject a null hypothesis in binomial testing

Answer 18

if the P-value calculated in below the significance level

Question 19

how do you calculate p-hat (the sample proportion)

Answer 19

Question 20

what is the binomial test OVERVIEW

Answer 20

whether a population proportion (p) matches a null expectation (po)

Question 21

what does a binomial test assume

Answer 21

random sample

Question 22

what is the test statistic in a binomial test

Answer 22

observed number of successes (X)

Question 23

when is an approximation of P values done

Answer 23

when n and X and huge numbers

Question 24

does a binomial test give an exact or approximate P value

Answer 24

EXACT P value

Question 25

what are the goals of estimating proportions

Answer 25

• estimate the population proportion (phat)
• estimate the standard error of proportion (SE p-hat)
• estimate confidence intervals for proportions

Question 26

what is standard error

Answer 26

the standard deviation of the sampling distribution

Question 27

how to calculate standard error of the proportion

Answer 27

Question 28

how to calculate confidence intervals with Wald Method

Answer 28

where Z is 1.96

Question 29

how to calculate confidence intervals with Agresti-Coull Method

Answer 29