Analytical Psychology (Jung)

Question 1

Who was Carl Gustav Jung? (3)

Answer 1

Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst

Founder of analytical psychology

First generation follower of Freud

Question 2

Name the main divergences from psychoanalysis (3)

Answer 2

Spiritual element is considered more important than sexuality

Freud’s theory was more deterministic, whereas Jung believed that the future is just as important as the past

The unconscious acts as a guide, not merely a system of defense

Question 3

Name the characteristics of analytical psychology (4)

Answer 3

Jung emphasized a person’s purpose and search for accomplishment

Personality is archaic, primitive, innate, unconscious, and universal

Personality is a result of inner and outer forces in a mutual relationship, acting upon each other

Personality reaches its climax in middle adulthood

Question 4

What are the main tenets of Jungian analytical psychology?

Answer 4

1. Structure of Personality
2. Dynamics of Personality
3. The Development of Personality

Question 5

What is criticism of Jung’s theory? (3)

Answer 5

Too mystical and unscientific

Very hard to verify experimentally

Too subjective and focused on the abstract

Question 6

What are benefits of Jung’s theory? (3)

Answer 6

Focused on health rather than pathology

Takes adult development and maturity into consideration

Concepts are applicable to psychotherapy as they are less deterministic

Question 7

What is the structure of personality composed of? (3)

Answer 7

Systems

Attitudes

Functions

Question 8

What are the 3 types of systems?

Answer 8

The ego

Personal unconscious and its complexes

Collective unconscious and its archetypes

Question 9

What is the function of the ego?

Answer 9

decides what comes into our conscious awareness to sustain stability and continuity

Question 10

What is contained in the personal unconscious?

Answer 10

Forgotten experiences that have lost their intensity

Question 11

What are complexes? (2)

Answer 11

constellations of feelings, thoughts, perceptions, and memories

a group of emotionally charged thoughts related to a particular theme

Question 12

What is the mother complex?

Answer 12

our inherent understanding of what a mother is - partly from childhood experience and partly from ancient experience

Question 13

What is at the core of the mother complex?

Answer 13

Collective image of:
nourishment and security, but also devouring and possessiveness

Question 14

What’s contained in the collective unconscious? (2)

Answer 14

latent memories inherited from our ancestors and animal ancestors

superior knowledge as to what our behavior should be like in different situations (e.g., danger, social setting)

Question 15

What are archetypes?

Answer 15

structural components of the collective unconscious that can become relatively independent from the rest of the personality

Question 16

What are the 4 most important archetypes?

Answer 16

the Persona
the Shadow
the Animus and Anima
the Self

Question 17

What is the Persona?

Answer 17

a mask adopted by the person in response to the demands of social convention - hence our public personality

Question 18

What is the Shadow? (2)

Answer 18

animal instinct inherited in our evolution

consists of aspects we don’t like, hence the shadow is hidden by the Persona

Question 19

What are the Animus and the Anima?

Answer 19

Animus: the masculine side of a woman’s personality - e.g., assertiveness, dominance, and ambition

Anima: the feminine side of a man’s personality - e.g., expressing emotions

Question 20

What is the Self? (2)

Answer 20

the midpoint of personality around which all the other systems are constellated

holds the system together with unity, equilibrium and stability

Question 21

What are the 2 attitudes?

Answer 21

Extraversion: orients the person towards the external, objective world of things, people, and activities

Introversion: orients the person toward the inner, subjective world of thoughts, fantasies, feelings, and dreams

Question 22

How does the facing of the ego affect behavior?

Answer 22

Facing towards the inner - behavior more focused on the collective unconscious

Facing towards the outer - behavior is more focused on the persona

Question 23

What are functions?

Answer 23

different strategies people employ to acquire and process information

Question 24

What are the 4 functions?

Answer 24

2 rational: thinking and feeling
2 irrational: sensation and intuition

Question 25

What are Jung’s 8 psychological types?

Answer 25

Thinking (introvert) e.g., philosophers and inventors

Thinking (extrovert) e.g., mathematicians

Feeling (introvert) e.g., subjective movie critics and art appraisers

Feeling (extrovert) e.g., objective movie critics and real estate appraisers

Sensation (introvert) e.g., artists and classical musicians

Sensation (extrovert) e.g., winetasters

Intuition (introvert) e.g., prophets and religious fanatics

Intuition (extrovert) e.g., religious reformers

Question 26

Why is personality a partially closed energy system? (2)

Answer 26

personality dynamics are subject to influences and modifications from external sources

energy is constantly flowing from one system of personality into the other systems

Question 27

What are the 3 principles of psychic energy?

Answer 27

Principle of Opposites
Principle of Equivalence
Principle of Entropy

Question 28

Explain the principle of opposites

Answer 28

if you have 1 quality, you must have its opposite or the potential for its opposite

e.g., kind - greed

Question 29

Explain the principle of equivalence

Answer 29

if energy is expanded in 1 aspect, it is diminishing from another

e.g., if one is using energy to be kind, they are depleting the aspect of selfishness

Question 30

Explain the principle of entropy

Answer 30

our psyche experiences balance because of how 1 aspect of our personality influences another through repression and sublimation - resulting in equilibrium

Question 31

What is sublimation?

Answer 31

the displacement of energy from primitive to higher cultural processes

e.g., energy is withdrawn from drive and invested in religious values

Question 32

What is repression?

Answer 32

a blockage of the discharge of energy through instinctual or sublimated channels

repressed energy takes up residence in the unconscious, making it more highly charged than the conscious ego

Question 33

What is individuation?

Answer 33

a process by which the systems of personality become completely differentiated and fully development

Question 34

What are the 2 main goals of Jungian analysis?

Answer 34

1. Expansion of the ego
2. Individuation process

Question 35

Why is the individuation process important?

Answer 35

humans are constantly progressing to a more complete stage of development

personality has a tendency to develop in the direction of a stable unit