Analytical Psychology (Jung) Flashcards
Who was Carl Gustav Jung? (3)
Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst
Founder of analytical psychology
First generation follower of Freud
Name the main divergences from psychoanalysis (3)
Spiritual element is considered more important than sexuality
Freud’s theory was more deterministic, whereas Jung believed that the future is just as important as the past
The unconscious acts as a guide, not merely a system of defense
Name the characteristics of analytical psychology (4)
Jung emphasized a person’s purpose and search for accomplishment
Personality is archaic, primitive, innate, unconscious, and universal
Personality is a result of inner and outer forces in a mutual relationship, acting upon each other
Personality reaches its climax in middle adulthood
What are the main tenets of Jungian analytical psychology?
- Structure of Personality
- Dynamics of Personality
- The Development of Personality
What is criticism of Jung’s theory? (3)
Too mystical and unscientific
Very hard to verify experimentally
Too subjective and focused on the abstract
What are benefits of Jung’s theory? (3)
Focused on health rather than pathology
Takes adult development and maturity into consideration
Concepts are applicable to psychotherapy as they are less deterministic
What is the structure of personality composed of? (3)
Systems
Attitudes
Functions
What are the 3 types of systems?
The ego
Personal unconscious and its complexes
Collective unconscious and its archetypes
What is the function of the ego?
decides what comes into our conscious awareness to sustain stability and continuity
What is contained in the personal unconscious?
Forgotten experiences that have lost their intensity
What are complexes? (2)
constellations of feelings, thoughts, perceptions, and memories
a group of emotionally charged thoughts related to a particular theme
What is the mother complex?
our inherent understanding of what a mother is - partly from childhood experience and partly from ancient experience
What is at the core of the mother complex?
Collective image of:
nourishment and security, but also devouring and possessiveness
What’s contained in the collective unconscious? (2)
latent memories inherited from our ancestors and animal ancestors
superior knowledge as to what our behavior should be like in different situations (e.g., danger, social setting)
What are archetypes?
structural components of the collective unconscious that can become relatively independent from the rest of the personality
What are the 4 most important archetypes?
the Persona
the Shadow
the Animus and Anima
the Self
What is the Persona?
a mask adopted by the person in response to the demands of social convention - hence our public personality
What is the Shadow? (2)
animal instinct inherited in our evolution
consists of aspects we don’t like, hence the shadow is hidden by the Persona
What are the Animus and the Anima?
Animus: the masculine side of a woman’s personality - e.g., assertiveness, dominance, and ambition
Anima: the feminine side of a man’s personality - e.g., expressing emotions
What is the Self? (2)
the midpoint of personality around which all the other systems are constellated
holds the system together with unity, equilibrium and stability
What are the 2 attitudes?
Extraversion: orients the person towards the external, objective world of things, people, and activities
Introversion: orients the person toward the inner, subjective world of thoughts, fantasies, feelings, and dreams
How does the facing of the ego affect behavior?
Facing towards the inner - behavior more focused on the collective unconscious
Facing towards the outer - behavior is more focused on the persona
What are functions?
different strategies people employ to acquire and process information
What are the 4 functions?
2 rational: thinking and feeling
2 irrational: sensation and intuition
What are Jung’s 8 psychological types?
Thinking (introvert) e.g., philosophers and inventors
Thinking (extrovert) e.g., mathematicians
Feeling (introvert) e.g., subjective movie critics and art appraisers
Feeling (extrovert) e.g., objective movie critics and real estate appraisers
Sensation (introvert) e.g., artists and classical musicians
Sensation (extrovert) e.g., winetasters
Intuition (introvert) e.g., prophets and religious fanatics
Intuition (extrovert) e.g., religious reformers
Why is personality a partially closed energy system? (2)
personality dynamics are subject to influences and modifications from external sources
energy is constantly flowing from one system of personality into the other systems
What are the 3 principles of psychic energy?
Principle of Opposites
Principle of Equivalence
Principle of Entropy
Explain the principle of opposites
if you have 1 quality, you must have its opposite or the potential for its opposite
e.g., kind - greed
Explain the principle of equivalence
if energy is expanded in 1 aspect, it is diminishing from another
e.g., if one is using energy to be kind, they are depleting the aspect of selfishness
Explain the principle of entropy
our psyche experiences balance because of how 1 aspect of our personality influences another through repression and sublimation - resulting in equilibrium
What is sublimation?
the displacement of energy from primitive to higher cultural processes
e.g., energy is withdrawn from drive and invested in religious values
What is repression?
a blockage of the discharge of energy through instinctual or sublimated channels
repressed energy takes up residence in the unconscious, making it more highly charged than the conscious ego
What is individuation?
a process by which the systems of personality become completely differentiated and fully development
What are the 2 main goals of Jungian analysis?
- Expansion of the ego
- Individuation process
Why is the individuation process important?
humans are constantly progressing to a more complete stage of development
personality has a tendency to develop in the direction of a stable unit
