Analytical Chemistry Chapter 1 Flashcards
Measurement science consisting of a set of powerful ideas and methods that
are useful in all fields of science, engineering, and medicine
Analytical Chemistry
Establishes the chemical identity of the
species in the sample
Qualitative Analysis
Determines the relative amounts of these species, or analytes, in numerical terms.
Quantitative Analysis
An integral part of the separation step.
Qualitative Analysis
Essential adjunct to quantitative analysis.
Determining the identity of the
analytes
Are the components of a
sample that are determined.
The substance being determined.
Analytes
What is the role of Analytical Chemistry?
It is applied throughout industry, medicine, and all the sciences.
Give Example of Role of Analytical Chemistry
Conc. of Oxygen and carbon dioxide - treat illnesses.
Hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide - emission-control devices in automobile.
Ionized calcium - parathyroid disease.
Quantitative determination of nitrogen in foods - protein content and nutritional value.
Analysis of steel - adjustment in
the concentrations of such elements as carbon, nickel, and chromium to achieve
a desired strength, hardness, corrosion resistance, and ductility.
The mercaptan content of household gas - odor to warn of dangerous leaks.
Farmers tailor fertilization and irrigation - plant needs,, gauging these needs from quantitative analyses of plants and soil.
Play a vital role in many research areas in chemistry, biochemistry, biology, geology, physics, and the other sciences.
Quantitative analytical measurements
Archaeologists identify the sources of volcanic
glasses (obsidian) by___________ in samples taken from various locations.
Measuring concentrations of minor elements
Draw the figure 1-1. The relationship between analytical chemistry, other branches of chemistry, and the other sciences.
Often called the central science; its top-center position and the central position of analytical chemistry in the figure emphasize this importance.
Chemistry
What makes a chemical analysis a vital tool in medical, industrial, government, and
academic laboratories throughout the world.
The interdisciplinary nature of chemical analysis.
Enumerate the Quantitative Analytical Methods
Gravimetric methods
Volumetric method
Electroanalytical methods Spectroscopic methods
Determine the mass of the
analyte or some compound chemically related to it
Gravimetric Methods
Measures the volume of a solution containing sufficient reagent to react completely with the analyte.
Volumetric Method
Measure electrical properties such as potential,
current, resistance, and quantity of electrical charge
Electroanalytical Methods
Explore the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and analyte atoms or molecules or
the emission of radiation by analytes
Spectroscopic Methods
In a group of miscellaneous methods, what do we measure?
we measure such quantities as:
mass spectrometry
rate of radioactive decay
heat of reaction
rate of reaction
sample thermal conductivity
optical activity
refractive index
Draw figure 1-2, steps in quantitative analysis