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Microbiology and Parasitology > ANALYTICAL BALANCE FOR MIDTERMS > Flashcards

ANALYTICAL BALANCE FOR MIDTERMS Flashcards

1
Q

True or False

Analytical Balances are LABORATORY BALANCES.

A

True

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2
Q

are the most commonly used Laboratory balances in pharmaceutical laboratories due to their precision in measuring minute weights.

A

Analytical Balances

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3
Q

A popular instrument used in High school science lab
activities. They find seldom use in the college level
especially in Higher education Sciences.

A

Triple Beam Balance

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4
Q

All laboratory balances have a certain limit. The lowest amount the balance can detect is called the

A

Limit of Detection

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5
Q

is derived from LOD.
It is the lowest amount that can be measured and reported with confidence

A

Limit of Quantitation

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6
Q

True or False

LOD does not necessarily equate to LOQ. There are standard deviations and margins of error that must be considered. There are also other factors to consider depending on the test conducted.

A

True

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7
Q

Other Laboratory Balances:

A

Precision Balances
Equal Arm Balance
Torsion Balance
Platform scale
Triple Beam Balance

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8
Q

is a highly accurate laboratory balance designed to determine an object’s mass precisely.

A

An analytical balance

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9
Q

A container to bold the sample material for mass measurement.

A

Balance plate (Pan)

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10
Q

Minimizes the influence of airflow on the balance.

A

Anti-draft ring

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11
Q

It is used to rebalance the system and bring it back to neutral (zero)

A

Re-zero or Tare button

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12
Q

It is used to configure the measurement conversion system such that the conversion system can be changed as necessary.

A

Mode button

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13
Q

It is used to activate or deactivate the balance.

A

Power button (on/off button)

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14
Q

It displays various information such as results, errors, information for function settings, and function in progress.

A

Display panel

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15
Q

These enable the balance to be brought to the
reference position. These are moveable legs. The leveling bubble, spirit level, or plumb bob determines the reference position.

A

Level adjustment feet

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16
Q

It helps to open the draft shield to load the object in a balanced plate.

A

Door Handle

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17
Q

These are incorporated into the design of analytical balances to offer protection from outside factors such as air flows and dust that could compromise precision.

A

Draft Shields

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18
Q

Analytical Balances measure mass by ___________ that acts upon the balance pan.

A

measuring the force

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19
Q

Analytical balance measures by force. This is achieved with the help of __________, ___________ and _________

A

electromagnets
null detectors
computer circuitry

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20
Q

The Electromagnetic Servomotor acts as a

A

Force Counterweight

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21
Q

True or False

Electric current required to generate this force is proportional to the weight.

A

True

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22
Q

A ___________ is used to detect when the forces are
equal.

A

Null detector

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23
Q

is the process of adjusting an analytical balance to ensure accuracy and precision of the measurements.

A

Calibration

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24
Q

It is an important step in the maintenance of any laboratory equipment, and should be done regularly to ensure reliable results.

A

Calibration

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25
Q

Two types of Calibration

A

Internal Calibration and External Calibration

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26
Q

Some modern balances come with built-in calibration mechanisms. This allows the balance to self-calibrate without the need for external weights.

A

Internal Calibration

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27
Q

a manual process that requires the user to place an approved set of predefined calibration weights on the balance and set their weight as the standard

A

External Calibration

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28
Q

refers to the degree to which a measured value aligns with the true or accepted value

A

Accuracy

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29
Q
  • This is important because it ensures that results are reliable and valid
  • Fundamental in: research, quality control,
    and compliance with regulatory standards
A

Accuracy

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30
Q

Factors affecting Accuracy

A

Environmental Influences
User Technique

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31
Q

Factors Affecting Accuraccy

  • improper handling of samples or equipment can introduce errors.
A

User Technique

Handling Practices

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32
Q

Factors affecting Accuracy

  • users must understand how to calibrate instruments properly to maintain accuracy
A

User Technique
CALIBRATION AWARENESS

33
Q

Factors affecting Accuracy

  • flactuations can affect the density of materials and the performance of measuring instruments.
A

Environmental Influences

Temperature

34
Q

Factors Affecting Accuracy

  • high humidity can lead to moisture absorption in samples, affecting mass readings
A

Environmental Influences
Humidity

35
Q

Factors Affecting Influences

  • drafts can cause fluctuations in reading on sensitive instruments
A

Environmental Influences

Air Currents

36
Q
  • results may be unreliable, leading to incorrect conclusions
A

Consequences of Inaccurate Measurements
DATA INTEGRITY ISSUES

37
Q
  • in industries like pharmaceuticals, inaccuracies can result in costly recalls or regulatory fines
A

Consequences of Inaccurate Measurements
Financial Implications

38
Q
  • inaccurate measurements in chemical formulations
    can pose safety hazards
A

Consequences of Inaccurate Measurements
SAFETY RISK

39
Q

True or False

PROPER USE IF ANALYTICAL BALANCE:
- ensure the balance is leveled and calibrated before use.
- use draft shield to minimize air currents during measurement

40
Q

True or False

SAMPLE HANDLING:
- use clean and dry containers for samples avoid touching samples with bare hands; use gloves or tools.

41
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

ENVIRONMENT CONTROL
- conduct measurements in a controlled environments with stable temperature and humidity levels

42
Q

Precautions Before Cleaning:

_________: Unplug and turn off the balance
before cleaning to avoid electrical hazards.

_________: Wear gloves and goggles
to protect yourself.

_________: Follow the manufacturer’ s manual to avoid damage or voiding warranties.

A

Power Off

Protective Gear

Refer to Guidelines

43
Q

Cleaning Procedures:
_____________:
- Clear dust with a soft brush or compressed air.
- Wipe surfaces with a mild detergent solution and a lint-free cloth. Dry completely.

_____________:
- Remove debris with a soft brush or vacuum.
- Wipe the chamber with a damp cloth and
allow it to dry before use

A

External Cleaning

Internal Cleaning (Weighing Chamber)

44
Q

Handling and Usage:
______________:
- Don’t exceed the balance’s capacity.

_____________ :
- Avoid pressure on the pan and center the load.

______________:
- Move carefully to avoid shocks or drops.

A

Avoid Overloading

Handle Carefully

Minimize Movement

45
Q

Environmental Control:

__________: Keep the balance in a stable, vibration-
free environment.

__________: Close it during weighing to
reduce air effects

A

Stability

Use Draft Shield

46
Q

Storage and Maintenance:

____________: Use when not in use to protect from debris.

____________: Keep in a clean, dry area with controlled temperature and humidity.

____________: Calibrate periodically to maintain functionality.

A

Dust Covers

Storage

Routine Checks

47
Q

Keypad and Display Care:

____________: Don’t use pens or utensils on the keypad or display.

A

Avoid Sharp Objects

48
Q

Preparation for Weighing

  1. Turn on the balance and allow it to warm up for 30 minutes to an hour. (Highly dependent on the model) May be omitted.

2.Close the doors of the weighing chamber to protect the balance from air currents and dust.

  1. Calibrate the balance. (Internally/Externally)
  2. Level the balance by adjusting the leveling feet.
  3. Tare the balance to zero by pressing the tare button.
  4. Wait for the balance to stabilize before placing the sample.
49
Q

WEIGHING THE SAMPLE

  1. Open the doors of the weighing chamber.
  2. Place the sample on the center of the weighing pan.
  3. Close the doors of the weighing chamber.
  4. Wait for the balance to stabilize before taking the reading.
  5. Record the weight.
50
Q

PRECAUTIONS WHEN USING ANALYTICAL BALANCES

  • Avoid touching the weighing pan or other parts of the balance with your bare hands.
  • Do not breathe directly on the balance.
  • Keep the balance level.
  • Use clean, dry weighing paper or other appropriate
    containers for weighing samples.
51
Q

PRECAUTIONS WHEN USING ANALYTICAL BALANCES

  • Close the balance doors when weighing.
  • Do not place the balance near sources of vibration or air currents.
  • Clean the balance regularly.
  • Avoid overloading the balance.
  • Store the weights in the right manner.
  • Handle the balance with care.
52
Q

carbon source for energy

53
Q

nitrogen source

A

Ammonium sulfate

54
Q
  • provides magnesium (essential cofactor for enzymes)
A

Magnesium sulfate

55
Q

Thiamine

A

Vitamin B1

56
Q
  • essential for protein synthesis
A

L-tryptophan

57
Q
  • nitrogen donor in cellular metabolism
A

L-glutamine

58
Q
  • trace element
A

Zinc sulfate

59
Q
  • rich source of vitamins, amino acids, and other growth-promoting factors
A

Yeast extract

60
Q

Phosphates, acetates, citrates, zwitterion compounds and specific amino-acids are _____ agents.

Example:
Sodium phosphate (Na₂HPO₄ / NaH₂PO₄)

61
Q

primary stain in Gram staining, essential for differentiating between Gram-positive (purple) and Gram-negative (colorless before counterstaining) bacteria.

A

Crystal Violet

62
Q
  • counterstain in Gram staining, which colors Gram-negative bacteria pink/red
63
Q
  • used in simple staining, crucial in identifying cellular morphology and certain organisms
A

Methylene Blue

64
Q
  • frequently used in combination with methylene blue in Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar, to differentiate between lactose fermenters (which appear dark) and non-fermenters (which appear colorless).
65
Q
  • for negative staining, visualization of bacterial capsules by staining the background and leaving cells unstained.
66
Q
  • used in spore staining procedures, such as the Schaeffer-Fulton method, where it stains bacterial endospores.
A

Malachite Green

67
Q

Eliminating external influences when weighing small samples and using Electromagnetic Forces to provide accurate and precise readings are the main qualities of the instrument.

68
Q

Microscopic organisms have mass. There are instance cell cultures will be weighed

69
Q

Only sensitive analytical balances can detect this weight. It is through proper care and calibration can we maintain the consistency and accuracy of each and every measurement.

70
Q

Enzyme: Lysozome
Substrates: ______
Inhibitors: EDTA

71
Q

Enzyme: proteinase k
Substrates: ______
Inhibitors: Sodium Azide

72
Q

Enzyme: amylase
Substrates: ______
Inhibitors: PMSF

A

Agarose/Gelatin

73
Q

Enzyme: Lipase
Substrates: ______
Inhibitors: Antibiotics (Penicillin, Streptomycin)

A

p-Nitrophenyl Phosphate (pNPP)

74
Q

Enzyme: ________
Substrates: N/A
Inhibitors: N/A

A

DNAse/RNAse

75
Q

Task/Process: Culture Media Preparation
What is Measured:

Task/Process: Reagent Measurement
What is Measured:

Task/Process: Staining Solutions
What is Measured:

A

Nutrients and Components for Media

Chemicals and buffers

Dyes and Chemicals for Microscopy

76
Q

Task/Process: Biomass Quantification
What is Measured:

Task/Process: Inoculum Standardization
What is Measured:

Task/Process: Supplement Formulation
What is Measured:

A

Microbial biomass

Cell or spore amounts

Trace elements and growth factors

77
Q

Task/Process: Enzyme/Substrate Measurement
What is Measured:

Task/Process: Dilution Preparation
What is Measured:

Task/Process: Antibiotic Resistance Research
What is Measured:

A

Enzymes, substrates, inhibitors

Stock solutions for serial dilutions

Antibiotic quantities

78
Q

What is the maximum weight for the Analytical Balance?

Microbiology and Parasitology (2 decks)

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