analysis Flashcards

1
Q

aluminium, calcium and magnesium ions

A
  • form white precipitates
  • with sodium hydroxide solution
  • aluminium hydroxide precipitate dissolves in excess sodium hydroxide solution
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2
Q

copper(2) , iron (2) , iron (3)

A
  • form blue, green and brown respectively with sodium hydroxide solution
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3
Q

carbonates

A
  • react with dilute acids to form CO2

- co2 produces a white precipitate with limewater which turns cloudy

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4
Q

flame tests

A
lithium - crimson
sodium- yellow
potasssium - lilac
calcium- red
barium - green
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5
Q

halide ions

A
  • in solution produce precipitates with solver nitrate solution in the presence of dilute nitric acid
  • sliver chloride is white, silver bromide is cream and silver iodide is yellow
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6
Q

sulfate ions

A
  • in solution produce a white precipitate with barium chloride solution in the presence of dilute hydrochloric acid
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7
Q

paper chromatography

A
  • used to find whether a dye is made up of a single coloured substance or mixture
  • soluble dyes spread along the paper faster and so the dyes separate
  • base line should be drawn with pencil so that it does not dissolve in the solvent
  • the solvent should be below base line to begin with
  • a lid should be used to prevemt the solvent from evaporating
  • different solvents can be used to maximise separation
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8
Q

gas chromatography

A
  • allows the separation of a mixture of compounds
  • the time taken for a substance to travel through the column can be used to help identify the substance
  • the output can be linked to a mass spectrometer, which can be used to identify the substances leaving the end of the column
  • the mass spectrometer can also give the molecular mass of each of the substances separated in the column
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9
Q

titration

A
  • the volumes of acid and alkali solutions that react with eachother can be measured by titration using a suitable indicator
    1- wash biurette with water then the solution to be put in it
    2- fill the biurette
    3- clean a pipette with water and then with the solution that is going to be measured in it
    4- transfer 25cm(3) with the pipette into a clean connical flask
    5) add a few drops of suitable indicator
    6- place a white tile underneath to compare the colour change
    7- rough titration
    8- repeat
  • if the concentration of one of the reactants is known the results of the titration can be used to find the concentration of the other reactant
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10
Q

titration calculations

A
  • calculate number of moles of acid using : n= cv
  • work ou the number of moles of alkali using the chemical equation
  • calculate the concentration of the alkali using n= cv
    c= n/v
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