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Audio Technology > ANALOGUE VS DIGITAL > Flashcards

ANALOGUE VS DIGITAL Flashcards

1
Q

What is analogue audio?

A

Sound waves that have been directly translated into electrical current, grooves in a record, or magnetic patterns on tape.

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2
Q

What is digital audio?

A

Sound waves that are represented by a series of numbers (samples) in a digital format.

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3
Q

What degrades analog audio!

A

Noise

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4
Q

Recording signal flow of analogue audio

A

Mic, mixing desk, reel to reel

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5
Q

Playback signal flow for analogue audio

A

Reel to reel, mixing desk, monitors

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6
Q

Purpose of mixing console

A

Gain staging

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7
Q

Is DA resistant to noise interference?

A

Yes

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8
Q

What is the use of plugins?

A

Attempt to emulate older sound of analogue

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9
Q

DA signal flow for recording

A

Mixing desk, D/A converter, computer

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10
Q

DA playback signal flow:

A

D/A converter, mixing desk, monitors

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11
Q

Hybrid Signal Flow for recording

A
  • recording: mic → mixing desk → reel to reel → mixing desk → A/D converter → computer
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12
Q

Hybrid Signal Flow playback:

A

computer → D/A converter → mixing desk → monitors

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13
Q

pros of analog recording

A
  • Shape of magnetic energy is identical to
    the original pattern of the change in air
    pressure
  • Harmonic distortion is a highly desirable
    side effect of recording to tape
  • Audio is stored as it is recorded
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14
Q

cons of analog recording

A 
• Tape is expensive
• Cheap recorders suffer from excessive hiss
and distortion
• Analog recorders require continuous
maintenance
• In-depth editing is difficult and time
consuming
• Duplicating tape deteriorates audio
• Synchronization is difficult
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15
Q

pros of digital recording

A 
• Low distortion and hiss
• Non-linear performance (random access)
• Non-destructive editing
• Data can be transmitted & transferred
easily
• Integration of audio into multimedia is
relatively simple
• Extensive range of tools available
• Recording systems are more affordable
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16
Q

cons of digital recording

A

• Considered cold or clinical
• Data can be corrupted
• Easily copied/stolen
• Everybody with a computer and an internet
connection has access to a lot of the same
tools that professionals use

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17
Q

difference between commercial and professional grade audio interfaces

A
  • commercial are bus powered
  • using a great source of power creates a cleaner sound
  • professional grade are built to be more stable and noise free as possible
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18
Q

What is the highest frequency that can be recorded with a 48kHz sample rate?

A

24kHz

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19
Q

T/F: The grooves in a record cannot be directly compared to the sound waves that they represent

A

false

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20
Q

The unit of measurement for digital audio Sample Resolution is:

A

kHz

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21
Q

T/F: High sample rates (such as 96kHz or 192kHz) result in much higher quality than the standard CD sample rate.

A

false

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22
Q

Analog audio is praised for it’s harmonic distortion, or tonal ‘warmth’.

A

true

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23
Q

Analog audio stores the continuous variations in sound waves down to the finest detail.

A

true

24
Q

definition of Quantization

A

Individual samples are converted to a binary word

25
Q

Digital audio is a stream of amplitude snapshots, just like video is a stream of still images

A

true

26
Q

What process does the following definition describe? The voltage of incoming analog signal is measured at regular intervals thousands of times a second.

A

sampling

27
Q

If the sample rate is fast enough, a digital stream of audio samples can perfectly recreate the sound that was recorded.

A

true

28
Q

What does ADC stand for?

A

Analog to Digital Converter

29
Q

What is the standard sample rate for CDs?

A

44.1 kHz

30
Q

How many tracks could the earliest version of Pro Tools record?

A

4

31
Q

The unit of measurement for digital audio Sample Resolution is

A

kHz

32
Q

What is the standard sample rate for DVDs? _____kHz

A

48kHz

33
Q

A word clock connection helps to prevent pops and clicks between different pieces of digital audio equipment.

A

true

34
Q

Word clock connections are made between a master device and one or more slave devices.

A

true

35
Q

Aliasing occurs when incoming frequencies are higher than half of the sample rate.

A

true

36
Q

Word clock can be used for analog and digital equipment.

A

false

37
Q

The purpose of dither is to:

A

Reduce quantization errors at low levels.

38
Q

Aliasing only occurs when recorded frequencies are higher than the sample rate.

A

false

39
Q

The process of dispersing white noise across the audio spectrum in dithering is called:

A

noise shaping

40
Q

Dither is used to reduce quantization errors at low levels.

A

true

41
Q

What term describes the removal of bits from a binary word?

A

truncation

42
Q

What kind of filter is an anti-aliasing filter?

A

LPF

43
Q

What is the standard bit-depth used for CD audio?

A

16 bit

44
Q

How many possible values can be stored in a 1-bit word?

A

2

45
Q

What is the standard bit-depth used for CD audio?

A

16 bits

46
Q

Dither is used to reduce quantization errors at low levels.

A

true

47
Q

The purpose of ‘word clock’ is to _____ digital audio equipment.

A

synchronise

48
Q

Dither should be applied whenever audio is converted from a high bit-depth to a lower bit-depth.

A

true

49
Q

What process does the following definition describe? The value of each sample is converted to a binary number.

A

quantisation

50
Q

What is the Nyquist Frequency of 48 kHz audio? _____kHz.

A

24

51
Q

What is the purpose of an anti-aliasing filter?

A

To remove frequencies higher than the Nyquist Frequency

52
Q

High sample rates (such as 96kHz or 192kHz) result in much higher quality than the standard CD sample rate.

A

False

53
Q

When sample values are ‘rounded-off’ to the nearest value, the resulting noise is called:

A

Quantization error

54
Q

What does S/PDIF stand for?

A

Sony / Philips Digital Interface

55
Q

The highest frequency that can be recorded with a 32kHz sample rate is _____kHz.

A

16

Audio Technology (4 decks)

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