Analgesia, Anesthetics, Special Techniques Flashcards
What is the normal tidal volume in an awake animal?
10-15 mL/kg
When used in a line block, which system is effected by an anesthetic agent?
peripheral nervous system
How do local anesthetics work?
They interfere with the movement of sodium ions.
What is an Infiltration nerve block?
A block injected around a single major nerve.
What can be mixed with a local anesthetic agent to prolong the effects?
Epinephrine
How far caudally does the spinal cord in the cat extend?
S1
What is the max SQ lidocaine dose for dogs?
10 mg/kg
What is the most common acid-base abnormality in anesthetized patients?
respiratory acidosis
when intermittent mandatory manual ventilation is applied in a circle system with a precision vaporizer, what happens to the vaporizer setting?
it should be decreased.
Which type of neuromuscular blocking drug can cause an initial surge of muscle activity before paralysis?
depolarizing.
What problems may result from excessive controlled ventilation?
- Decreased cardiac output
- Respiratory alkalosis
- ruptured alveoli
What are some clinical signs of systemic toxicity from local anesthetics?
- sedation
- convulsions
- muscle twitching
- respiratory depression
What can result from epidurals reaching the thoracic and cervical spinal cord?
- sympathetic blockade
- paralysis of intercostal muscles
- paralysis of diaphragm
What is pathologic pain?
pain that is prolonged and exaggerated
What are the four stages of pain?
- perception
- modulation
- transduction
- transmission
