Analgesia

Question 1

What is the mechanism of action of Lidocaine?

Answer 1

Reversibly blocks fast voltage gated sodium channels

Question 2

What is the maximum dose of lidocaine without adrenaline?

Answer 2

3mg/kg

Question 3

What is the maximum dose of lidocaine with adrenaline?

Answer 3

7mg/kg

Question 4

What are the symptoms of lidocaine toxicity?

Answer 4

Blurred vision 
Tinnitus 
Mouth and tongue numbness 
Confusion
Seizures 
Cardiac depression

Question 5

Morphine and Fentanyl act on which receptors?

Answer 5

Mu receptor agonists

Question 6

What is the antidote for opioid overdose?

Answer 6

Naloxone

Question 7

How many times more potent is Fentanyl compared to Morphine?

Answer 7

100 times more potent

Question 8

What are the histamine-related features of morphine?

Answer 8

Morphine, but not other opioids, releases histamine from mast cells - leads to itching, hypotension and bronchoconstriction

Question 9

What is the onset time for Entonox?

Answer 9

20-60 seconds

Question 10

Does Entonox cross the placenta?

Answer 10

Yes, but not known to cause significant side effects in the baby

Question 11

What is the onset time for Pethidine?

Answer 11

10-15 minutes

Question 12

What are the side effects of Pethidine?

Answer 12

Nausea and vomiting

Respiratory depression in the neonate if given within 2 hours of delivery