anaesthetics

Question 1

when do drugs have to be stopped before surgery ?

Answer 1

anti platelets 7 days before
warfarin 5 days before
ACEi and LMWH 1 day before

Question 2

are the majority of cardiac drugs stopped before surgery

Answer 2

no

Question 3

why do you stop ACEi

Answer 3

risk of AKI

Question 4

stopping warfarin, who are high risk patients ?

Answer 4

AF
VTE in last 3 months
metallic heart valve
multiple heart valves

Question 5

what does INR have to be below to proceed with surgery ?

Answer 5

1.5

Question 6

if INR between 1.6 and 1.7

Answer 6

1mg vitamin K

Question 7

if INR more than 1.8?

Answer 7

2mg vitamin K

Question 8

general anaesthesia is a combination of ?

Answer 8

muscle relaxant and induction agent

Question 9

2 induction agents (GABAa agonists)

Answer 9

profofol

thiopental

Question 10

3 muscle relaxants

Answer 10

rocuronium
suxamethonium
vecuronium

Question 11

what kind o drugs are the muscle relaxants?

Answer 11

nAch antagonists

Question 12

how do you reverse muscle relaxants?

Answer 12

neoSTIGmine

Question 13

what kind of drug is neostigmine?

Answer 13

acetyl choline esterase inhibitor

Question 14

what does neostigmine do to levels of acetylcholine in synapse

Answer 14

it increases levels of Ach

Question 15

drug that prevents psysiological response to trauma of intubation and incision

Answer 15

fentanyl

Question 16

what is the benzo which is used to make patient drowsy before anaesthetic process?

Answer 16

midazolam

Question 17

what do you give if bradycardia in GA?

Answer 17

IV atropine 500mcg

Question 18

what two drugs can you give in hypotension (biel met)

Answer 18

ephedrine (alpha and beta agonist)

metaraminol (alpha 1 agonist)

Question 19

which is more selective out of ephedrine and metaraminol

Answer 19

metaraminol

Question 20

management of laryngospasm

Answer 20

extend neck
minor will resolve spontaneously
severe - suxamethasone

Question 21

malignant hyperthermia. what is there usually history of?

Answer 21

family history problems with GA

Question 22

management of malignant hyperthermia ?

Answer 22

IV dantrolene

Question 23

mendelson syndrome?

Answer 23

aspiration of stomach acid into lungs

Question 24

prevent mendelson syndrome?

Answer 24

ranitidine pre procedure

Question 25

short and long acting local anaesthetic ?

Answer 25

lidocaine is short

bupivacaine (long)

Question 26

where can adrenaline not be used?

Answer 26

fingers
nose
ears

Question 27

side effects of spinal/epidural ?

Answer 27

hypotension

CVS collpase if given IV