Anaesthetics

Question 1

What do inotropes do?

Answer 1

increase myocardial contractility to increase cardiac output

Question 2

What do vasopressors do?

Answer 2

increase vasoconstriction leading to increased SVR and BP

Question 3

What type of receptor are adrenergic receptors?

Answer 3

G-protein coupled receptors

Question 4

What do alpha 1 receptors cause?

Answer 4

smooth muscle contraction

Question 5

Where are beta 1 receptors located?

Answer 5

heart

Question 6

Where are beta 2 receptors located?

Answer 6

blood vessels

Question 7

Which receptor does Noradrenaline work on?

Answer 7

alpha 1

Question 8

Which receptor does Adrenaline work on?

Answer 8

low doses - beta

high doses - alpha

Question 9

What receptors does Dobutamine work on? What does it cause?

Answer 9

beta 1 to increase heart rate but beta 2 to decrease SVR therefore BP

Question 10

What do beta 2 receptor agonists cause?

Answer 10

vasodilation

Question 11

What is the dosage of propofol?

Answer 11

1.5-2.5mg/kg

Question 12

What does propofol do to BP and HR?

Answer 12

marked drop in both

Question 13

What is the main indication for thiopentone?

Answer 13

RSI

Question 14

What are the benefits of thiopentone?

Answer 14

antiepileptic properties and neuroprotective

Question 15

What does thiopentone do to HR and BP?

Answer 15

increases HR but drops BP

Question 16

When is thiopentone contraindicated?

Answer 16

porphyria

Question 17

What is the dosage of ketamine?

Answer 17

1-1.5mg/kg

Question 18

What does ketamine do to HR and BP?

Answer 18

increases both

Question 19

What is the dosage of etomidate?

Answer 19

0.3mg/kg

Question 20

Which induction agent has the lowest incidence of hypersensitivity?

Answer 20

etomidate

Question 21

Which induction agent causes bronchospasm?

Answer 21

thiopentone

Question 22

Which induction agent can cause adreno cortical suppression?

Answer 22

etomidate

Question 23

Which muscle relaxant is depolarising?

Answer 23

suxamethonium

Question 24

Which muscle relaxant is used in RSI?

Answer 24

suxamethonium

Question 25

Which muscle relaxant is associated with malignant hyperthermia?

Answer 25

suxamethonium

Question 26

What is the dosage of suxamethonium?

Answer 26

1-1.5mg/kg

Question 27

Which non depolarising muscle relaxant is longest acting?

Answer 27

pancuronium

Question 28

Which non depolarising muscle relaxants are intermediate acting?

Answer 28

vecuronium, rocuronium

Question 29

Which non depolarising muscle relaxants are slow acting?

Answer 29

atracurium, mivacurium

Question 30

What is used to reverse non depolarising muscle relaxants?

Answer 30

neostigmine

Question 31

What is given along with neostigmine in reversal of muscle relaxant?

Answer 31

glycopyrrolate

Question 32

What is the dosage of lignocaine without adrenaline?

Answer 32

3mg/kg

Question 33

What is the dosage of lignocaine with adrenaline?

Answer 33

7mg/kg

Question 34

What is the dosage of bupivacaine/levobupivacaine without adrenaline?

Answer 34

2mg/kg

Question 35

What is the dosage of bupivacaine/levobupivacaine with adrenaline?

Answer 35

2mg/kg

Question 36

What is the dosage of prilocaine without adrenaline?

Answer 36

6mg/kg

Question 37

What is the dosage of prilocaine with adrenaline?

Answer 37

9mg/kg

Question 38

What is the MAC of sevoflurane?

Answer 38

2%

Question 39

Which inhalational agent is used for induction?

Answer 39

sevoflurane

Question 40

What is the MAC of desflurane?

Answer 40

6%

Question 41

Which inhalation agent is used in longer operations?

Answer 41

desflurane

Question 42

What is the MAC of isoflurane?

Answer 42

1.15%

Question 43

Which inhalational agent has least effect of organ blood flow?

Answer 43

isoflurane

Question 44

Which receptors does ephedrine work on?

Answer 44

alpha and beta

Question 45

What is the effect of ephedrine?

Answer 45

rise in HR and contractility (BP)

Question 46

What is the effect of phenylephrine?

Answer 46

rise in BP through vasoconstriction, drop in HR

Question 47

Which receptors does phenylephrine work on?

Answer 47

alpha receptors

Question 48

Which receptors does metaraminol work on?

Answer 48

predominantly alpha

Question 49

What is the effect of metaraminol?

Answer 49

rise in BP through vasoconstriction

Question 50

What is the equation for cardiac output?

Answer 50

CO= SV x HR

Question 51

What is the effect of PPV on venous return to the heart?

Answer 51

impedes it so reducing preload and therefore CO

Question 52

Which inhalation agent is least irritant to airways?

Answer 52

sevoflurane

Question 53

What are the risks of hypothermia?

Answer 53

coagulopathy, perioperative cardiac events, increased risk of post op infection, prolonged recovery

Question 54

Which level is a spinal block given?

Answer 54

L3/L4

Question 55

Which level does the spinal cord end?

Answer 55

L1/L2

Question 56

What does the needle have to pass through to enter the epidural space?

Answer 56

Subcut, supraspinous ligament, interspinous ligament, ligamentum flavum

Question 57

Which local anaesthetic subtype is most likely to cause allergy?

Answer 57

esters

Question 58

Which amides are long acting?

Answer 58

bupivacaine, ropivacaine

Question 59

Which esters are short acting?

Answer 59

procaine, benzocaine, cocaine

Question 60

Which amides are intermediate acting?

Answer 60

lidocaine, mepivacaine

Question 61

What percentage of total body weight is water?

Answer 61

60%

Question 62

What are the CEPOD categories?

Answer 62

immediate/emergency, urgent, expedited/scheduled, elective