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Anaesthetics > Anaesthetics > Flashcards

Anaesthetics Flashcards

1
Q

What do inotropes do?

A

increase myocardial contractility to increase cardiac output

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2
Q

What do vasopressors do?

A

increase vasoconstriction leading to increased SVR and BP

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3
Q

What type of receptor are adrenergic receptors?

A

G-protein coupled receptors

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4
Q

What do alpha 1 receptors cause?

A

smooth muscle contraction

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5
Q

Where are beta 1 receptors located?

A

heart

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6
Q

Where are beta 2 receptors located?

A

blood vessels

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7
Q

Which receptor does Noradrenaline work on?

A

alpha 1

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8
Q

Which receptor does Adrenaline work on?

A

low doses - beta

high doses - alpha

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9
Q

What receptors does Dobutamine work on? What does it cause?

A

beta 1 to increase heart rate but beta 2 to decrease SVR therefore BP

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10
Q

What do beta 2 receptor agonists cause?

A

vasodilation

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11
Q

What is the dosage of propofol?

A

1.5-2.5mg/kg

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12
Q

What does propofol do to BP and HR?

A

marked drop in both

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13
Q

What is the main indication for thiopentone?

A

RSI

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14
Q

What are the benefits of thiopentone?

A

antiepileptic properties and neuroprotective

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15
Q

What does thiopentone do to HR and BP?

A

increases HR but drops BP

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16
Q

When is thiopentone contraindicated?

A

porphyria

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17
Q

What is the dosage of ketamine?

A

1-1.5mg/kg

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18
Q

What does ketamine do to HR and BP?

A

increases both

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19
Q

What is the dosage of etomidate?

A

0.3mg/kg

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20
Q

Which induction agent has the lowest incidence of hypersensitivity?

A

etomidate

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21
Q

Which induction agent causes bronchospasm?

A

thiopentone

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22
Q

Which induction agent can cause adreno cortical suppression?

A

etomidate

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23
Q

Which muscle relaxant is depolarising?

A

suxamethonium

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24
Q

Which muscle relaxant is used in RSI?

A

suxamethonium

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25
Q

Which muscle relaxant is associated with malignant hyperthermia?

A

suxamethonium

26
Q

What is the dosage of suxamethonium?

A

1-1.5mg/kg

27
Q

Which non depolarising muscle relaxant is longest acting?

A

pancuronium

28
Q

Which non depolarising muscle relaxants are intermediate acting?

A

vecuronium, rocuronium

29
Q

Which non depolarising muscle relaxants are slow acting?

A

atracurium, mivacurium

30
Q

What is used to reverse non depolarising muscle relaxants?

A

neostigmine

31
Q

What is given along with neostigmine in reversal of muscle relaxant?

A

glycopyrrolate

32
Q

What is the dosage of lignocaine without adrenaline?

A

3mg/kg

33
Q

What is the dosage of lignocaine with adrenaline?

A

7mg/kg

34
Q

What is the dosage of bupivacaine/levobupivacaine without adrenaline?

A

2mg/kg

35
Q

What is the dosage of bupivacaine/levobupivacaine with adrenaline?

A

2mg/kg

36
Q

What is the dosage of prilocaine without adrenaline?

A

6mg/kg

37
Q

What is the dosage of prilocaine with adrenaline?

A

9mg/kg

38
Q

What is the MAC of sevoflurane?

A

2%

39
Q

Which inhalational agent is used for induction?

A

sevoflurane

40
Q

What is the MAC of desflurane?

A

6%

41
Q

Which inhalation agent is used in longer operations?

A

desflurane

42
Q

What is the MAC of isoflurane?

A

1.15%

43
Q

Which inhalational agent has least effect of organ blood flow?

A

isoflurane

44
Q

Which receptors does ephedrine work on?

A

alpha and beta

45
Q

What is the effect of ephedrine?

A

rise in HR and contractility (BP)

46
Q

What is the effect of phenylephrine?

A

rise in BP through vasoconstriction, drop in HR

47
Q

Which receptors does phenylephrine work on?

A

alpha receptors

48
Q

Which receptors does metaraminol work on?

A

predominantly alpha

49
Q

What is the effect of metaraminol?

A

rise in BP through vasoconstriction

50
Q

What is the equation for cardiac output?

A

CO= SV x HR

51
Q

What is the effect of PPV on venous return to the heart?

A

impedes it so reducing preload and therefore CO

52
Q

Which inhalation agent is least irritant to airways?

A

sevoflurane

53
Q

What are the risks of hypothermia?

A

coagulopathy, perioperative cardiac events, increased risk of post op infection, prolonged recovery

54
Q

Which level is a spinal block given?

A

L3/L4

55
Q

Which level does the spinal cord end?

A

L1/L2

56
Q

What does the needle have to pass through to enter the epidural space?

A

Subcut, supraspinous ligament, interspinous ligament, ligamentum flavum

57
Q

Which local anaesthetic subtype is most likely to cause allergy?

A

esters

58
Q

Which amides are long acting?

A

bupivacaine, ropivacaine

59
Q

Which esters are short acting?

A

procaine, benzocaine, cocaine

60
Q

Which amides are intermediate acting?

A

lidocaine, mepivacaine

61
Q

What percentage of total body weight is water?

A

60%

62
Q

What are the CEPOD categories?

A

immediate/emergency, urgent, expedited/scheduled, elective

Anaesthetics (1 decks)

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