Anaesthetics

Question 1

Major causes of morbidity and mortality in anaesthetics

Answer 1

Aspiration pneumonitis

Pneumonia

Question 2

Meds which are given before general anaesthetic

Answer 2

Benzodiazepines
Opiates
Alpa 2 agonists(clonidine)

Question 3

Types of general anaesthesia

Answer 3

Hypnosis
Muscle relaxation
Analgesia

Question 4

Examples of hypnotic agents and why are they given

Answer 4

Used to make patient unconscious

Propofol
Ketamine

Sevoflurane
NOS

Question 5

Most commonly used agent for induction and maintenance of a general anaesthetic

Answer 5

Propofol

Question 6

Types of muscle relaxants

Answer 6

Depolarising (e.g., suxamethonium)

Non-depolarising (e.g., rocuronium and atracurium)

Question 7

What can be used for reversal of neuromuscular blocking medications

Answer 7

Cholinesterase inhibitors (e.g., neostigmine)

Question 8

when should cyclizine be used with caution

Answer 8

Heart failure

Elderly patients

Question 9

Risks of GA

Answer 9

Waking 
Aspiration 
Dental injury
Anaphylaxis 
Malignant hyperthermia

Question 10

Agents associated with malignant hyperthermia

Answer 10

Volatile anaesthetics (isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane) 
Suxamethonium

Question 11

Presentation of malignant hyperthermia

Answer 11

Increased body temperature (hyperthermia)
Increased carbon dioxide exhalation
Tachycardia
Muscle rigidity
Acidosis
Hyperkalaemia

Question 12

Mx of malignant hyperthermia

Answer 12

Dantrolene

Question 13

Side effects of spinal anaesthesia

Answer 13

hypotension, sensory and motor block, nausea and urinary retention

Question 14

Preferred option for major open abdominal procedures and post-op resp compromise - anaesthesia

Answer 14

Epidural

Question 15

Complication and contraindication of epidural

Answer 15

Epidural haematoma

Contraindicated in coagulopathies