Anaesthetic machines, gas cylinders, breathing systems, airway management

Question 1

What do anaesthetic machines do?

Answer 1

• Supply oxygen and anaesthetic vapour
• IPPV

Question 2

What are the different gas cylinders?

Answer 2

• Oxygen
• Nitrogen Oxide
• Medical Air
• Carbon dioxide

Question 3

What colour cylinder is oxygen?

Answer 3

• White shoulder

Question 4

What colour cylinders nitrogen oxide?

Answer 4

• Blue shoulder

Question 5

What colour cylinder is medical air?

Answer 5

• Half black shoulder

Question 6

What colour cylinder is carbon dioxide?

Answer 6

• Grey shoulder

Question 7

What is the O2 pressure gauge?

Answer 7

• Measures remaining O2 in cylinder

Question 8

What is Boyle’s Law?

Answer 8

• The cylinder pressure will decrease as the cylinder empties

Question 9

What is the N2O pressure gauge?

Answer 9

• Pressure will decrease once all the liquid is evaporated
• Should be weighed for remaining estimation

Question 10

What are oxygen generator/concentrators?

Answer 10

• Concentrate atmospheric oxygen from 21% to 95% by using zeolite crystals that remove nitrogen and water
• Argon is not removed

Question 11

What is the pressure reducing valve?

Answer 11

• Reduces pressure to something which is safe and workable
• Allows a constant supply of gas

Question 12

What are vapourisers?

Answer 12

• Administer volatile agents

Question 13

What are the 2 common alarms from the oxygen warning device?

Answer 13

• Bosun
• Ritchie

Question 14

What are the 4 parts of scavenging?

Answer 14

• Collecting
• Transfer
• Receiving
• Disposal

Question 15

How is exposure minimised?

Answer 15

• Leak test equipment
• Connect patient before turning on vapouriser
• Use low flow anaesthesia

Question 16

What are the different types of ETT?

Answer 16

• Silicone
• Red rubber
• PVC

Question 17

What are armoured ETT?

Answer 17

• Tubes lined with coiled wire to prevent kinks

Question 18

How are laryngospasms in cats minimised?

Answer 18

• Lidocaine

Question 19

What is the mapleson classification?

Answer 19

• Categorises non-rebreathing systems
• Class A = Magill and Parallel/Mini Lack
• Class D = Bain
• Class E = Ayre’s T peice
• Class F = Jackson Rees Modified

Question 20

What is a Magill?

Answer 20

• Patients 5-80kg
• 200ml/kg/min
• No IPPV

Question 21

What is a lack?

Answer 21

• Patients over 10kg
• 200ml/kg/min
• No IPPV

Question 22

What is a co-axial bain?

Answer 22

• Patients 8-70kg
• 200-400ml/kg/min
• IPPV

Question 23

What is the Ayre’s T-piece and Jackson Rees modified?

Answer 23

• For patients under 10kg
• 500-600ml/kg/min
• IPPV

Question 24

What do rebreathing systems have?

Answer 24

• CO2 absorbent canisters

Question 25

What do CO2 absorbent canisters do?

Answer 25

- Absorb CO2 content of expired gases using a chemical soda-lime

Question 26

What is a humprey ade system with soda lime?

Answer 26

- Patients 7-100kg - Initially 3 litres/min to fill system then 10mls/kg/min - IPPV - Lever up

Question 27

What is the humphrey ade without soda lime?

Answer 27

- Patients under 7kg - Initially 2 litres/min to fill system and then 70-100mls/kg/min - IPPV - Lever down

Question 28

What is the circle?

Answer 28

- Patients over 10kg - Initially 100mls/kg/min to de-nitronise system and then 10mls/kg/min - IPPV

Question 29

How is IPPV given?

Answer 29

- Close APL valve - Squeeze bag slowly - Open APL valve

Question 30

What are the advantages of non-rebreathing systems?

Answer 30

- Range of sizes - Decreased resistance

Question 31

What are the disadvantages of non-rebreathing systems?

Answer 31

- Gases dry and cold - Increased oxygen use - Increased cost of volatile agent - Increased environmental pollution

Question 32

What are the advantages of rebreathing systems?

Answer 32

- Gases warm and humidified - Decrease use and cost of gases - Decreases volatile agent - Decreased environmental pollution

Question 33

What are the disadvantages of rebreathing systems?

Answer 33

- Increased resistance - Required monitoring of parts and CO2 absorber

Question 34

What is the fresh gas flow calculation?

Answer 34

- Kg x circuit calculation = answer/1000 litres

Question 35

What is capnography?

Answer 35

- When a sample of gas is taken away for monitoring - When calculating an extra 200 mls/min must be added