Anaesthetic Emergenices Flashcards
How can human error cause anaesthetic emergencies?
-failure to follow procedure
-inattentiveness
-lack of familiarity with circuits or drugs
-incorrect administration of drugs
How can equipment failure cause anaesthetic emergencies?
-vaporiser problems
-malfunction of anaesthetic machine
-ET tube problems
-empty 02 cylinder
How can drugs cause anaesthetic emergencies?
-individual reaction to drugs
-out of date drugs
-poorly stored drugs
-risks reduced by using pre-meds
How can patient variation cause anaesthetic emergencies?
-respiratory disease
-neonatal or geriatric patients
-brachycephalics
-obesity
-pregnancy
-shocked patients
What are the golden rules for emergencies?
-stay calm and alert vet asap
-ensure airway is patent
-turn off vaporiser
-make sure known how to deliver IPPV
-familiar with cardiac compressions
-well stocked crash box
How should emergency kits be managed?
-identify persons responsibility
-regular check contents and date
-maintain check lists
-keep emergency drug dosage sheets in crash box
What are 9 crash kit drugs?
Atropine
Adrenaline
Lignocaine
Diazepam
Naloxone
Dopamine
Doxapram
Atipamezole
Sodium bicarbonate
When is atropine used?
-for bradycardia
-reduced vagal tone
When is adrenaline used?
-bradycardia
-cardiac arrest
-increases heart rate and force of contraction
When is lignocaine used?
-treats arrhythmias
When is diazepam used?
-treats seizures
When is naloxone used?
-antidote for opioids such as morphine
When is dopamine used?
-increases force of myocardial contractions
When is Doxapram used?
-a respiratory and CNS stimulant
When is Atipamezole used?
-alpha 2 adrenoceptor antagonist
What are the 4 essential crash kit equipment?
Ambu bag
-used in respiratory arrest to provide IPPV
Defibrillator
-used in cardiac arrest to stimulate heartbeat
Urinary catheter
-used to administer drugs
IV catheter
-emergency access drugs and fluids
What signs incidate the patients too light?
-increased RR, HR and pulse
-reflexes returned
-eye position return to centre
-CRT returns to normal
What can cause the patients to be too light?
-vaporiser problems
-ET tube misplaced or too small
-breath holding
-shallow respiration
-circuit malfunction
What sings indicate a patient is too deep?
-decreased RR, HR and BP
-reflexes will be absent
-eye position will stay central
-CRT becomes longer
What causes patients to become too deep?
-vaporiser set too high
-presence of pre-existing problems
What can be causes of respiratory arrest?
-anaesthetic overdose
-lack of 02
-pre existing respiratory disease
-side effects from pre meds
What signs indicate respiratory arrest?
-dyspnoea before arrest
-cyanosis
-abnormal HR, CRT, Pulse
-dilates pupils
What to do in case of respiratory arrest?
-inform vet
-intubate
-turn off vaporiser
-commence IPPV
-check HR
How to provide IPPV?
-close apl valve
-fill reservoir bag with 02
-gently squeeze bag till chest rises slightly
-open apl valve
-repeat every 6 secs
