Anaesthetic Drugs Flashcards
What class of drug is Parecoxib?
What is it used for?
A selective COX2 inhibitor
Used for management of acute post operative pain
What Benzodiazepine is most commonly used for sedation?
Midazolam
What is Remifentanil?
Why is it short acting?
A short acting synthetic opioid.
It is rapidly metabolised (due to hydrolysis of an Easter linkage)
What anaesthetic use does Clonidine have?
What other uses does it have?
It is an a2 agonist used for controlled hypotension, as an antiemetic and for mild sedation.
It can also be used for opioid and alcohol withdrawal and in ADHD treatment
What is Neostigmine and what is it used for?
It is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used to prolong the action of acetylcholine and is used to reverse non-depolarising muscle paralysis.
(It is also used to treat myasthenia gravis)
What class of drug is atropine?
Why is it given in anaesthesia?
Name another drug of this class used in anaesthesia
Antimuscarinic/Anticholinergic
To reduce secretions, treat bradycardia
Glycopyrrolate
What drug can be used to reverse the effects of opioids?
Naloxone
What is the mechanism of action of Flumazenil?
What is it used for?
It is a selective GABA antagonist.
It is used to reverse the action of Benzodiazepines.
Why is adrenaline used with local anaesthetics?
For vasoconstriction to reduce bleeding and increase the dose of local anaesthetic that can be used by reducing absorption into local tissues.
What is adrenaline used for in critical care?
What is an adverse effect?
To manage a haemodynamically unstable patient. It causes peripheral vasoconstriction to increase blood pressure.
Peripheral tissues can be inadequately perfused, in some cases necrotic tissue requires amputation.
List some common side effects of Proprofol
Arrhythmia
Hypotension
Burning sensation at injection site
Apnea
What drug class is Tranexamic acid?
What is it used for?
It is an antifibrinolytic.
It is used to prevent and treat blood loss in surgery and major trauma.
What is dexamethasone used for in anaesthesia?
Name another drug used for this purpose.
As an antiemetic.
Ondansetron.
What is the mechanism of action of Ondansetron?
It is a 5HT3 antagonist
Name a common local anaesthetic.
What is the mechanism of action?
Lidocaine. Bupivicaine.
Na+ channel blocker.
What short term muscle paralytic agent is used for endotracheal intubation?
What is it’s mechanism of action?
Name another paralytic used in anaesthesia.
Suxamethonium
It is a ACh receptor antagonist.
Atracurium
What is the mechanism of action of muscle paralytics?
Competitively block ACh receptors to prevent depolarisation of the neuromuscular junction.
Name drugs that could be prescribed for VTE prophylaxis.
What drug class are they?
Dalteparin, enoxaparin.
Low molecular weight heparin.
Name a drug used to control seizures in critical care.
Keppra (Levatiracetam)
What drug is used to treat patients with suspected aspiration?
Augmentin/Co-Amoxiclav
What is aminophylline used for in critical care and what is it’s mechanism of action?
It is used to treat breathing difficulties. It is a bronchodilator, working as an adenosine receptor antagonist, raising tissue cAMP concentrations.
What is the most common volatile anaesthetic agent?
Sevoflurane
