Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Care of the Surgical Patient/Anaesthesia - YR3 > Anaesthetic drugs > Flashcards

Anaesthetic drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Common IV induction agents

A
  • Propofol
  • Sodium thiopentone
  • Ketamine
  • Etomidate

PESK = induction agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Propofol - how does it work, what should you know about it

A
  • GABA agonist
  • Rapid onset
  • Pain on IV injection
  • Antiemetic properties
  • Rapid metabolism, little accumulated metabolites
  • Moderate myocardial depression
  • Very common for maintaing sedation on ITU, total IV anaesthesia and daycase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sodium thiopentone - what to know about it

A
  • Extremely rapid onset - choice for rapid sequence induction
  • Marked myocardial depression
  • Metabolites build up
  • Unsuitable for maintenance infusion
  • Little analgesic effects

thiopentONE - fastest ONE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ketamine - how does it work, what should you know about it

A
  • NMDA receptor antagonist
  • Induction
  • Moderate to strong analgesia
  • Little myocardial depression - good for haemodynamically unstable patients
  • Dissassociative anaesthesia can occur - nightmares

Ketamine makes me dream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Etomidate - what to know about it

A
  • Good cardiac safety progile
  • No analgesia
  • Unsuitable for maintainance - prolonged use can cause adrenal supression
  • Post op vomitting = common

TOM made me vomit on the DATE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Inhaled general anaesthetics

A
  • Volatile liquids eg isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane
  • Nitrous oxide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

MOA of volatile liquids

A
  • Unknown really
  • May act in combo of GABA A, glycine and NMDA receptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Adverse effects of volatile liquids

A
  • Myocardial depression
  • Malignant hyperthermia
  • Halothane - not really used now is hepatotoxic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are volatile liquids used for?

A

Induction and maintenance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nitrous oxide MOA

A
  • Unknown
  • May be combination of NMDA, nACh, 5-HT3, GABAa and glycine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Adverse effects nitrous oxide

A
  • May diffuse into gas filled body compartments
  • = increase in pressure
  • So avoid in certain conditons eg pneumothorax
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Use of nitrous oxide

A

Maintenance and analgesia (eg during labout)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

IV general anaesthetics

A
  • Propofol
  • Sodium thiopentone
  • Etomidate
  • Ketamine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

MOA of thiopental

A
  • Barbiturate - potentiates GABAa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Adverse effects thiopental

A
  • Laryngospasm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is important to remember about thiopental?

A
  • Lipid soluble
  • Quickly affects brain
17
Q

Adverse effects of propfol

A
  • Pain on injection - activates pain receptor TRPA1
  • Hypotension
18
Q

Adverse effects Etomidate

A
  • Primary adrenal supression - reversible inhibition of 11b-hydroxylase
19
Q

Adverse effects of ketamine

A
  • Disorientation
  • Hallucinations
20
Q

Local anaesthetic agents examples

A
  • Lidocaine
  • Cocaine
  • Bupivacaine
  • Prilocaine
21
Q

How to treat local anaesthetic toxicity?

A
  • IV 20% lipid emulsion
22
Q

Drug interactions with lidocaine

A
  • Beta blockers
  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Phenytoin
23
Q

Features of lidocaine toxicity

A
  • Intial CNS overactivity (blocks inhibitory pathways first)
  • Then depression (blocks both)
  • Cardiac arrhythmia
24
Q

When is cocaine used?

A
  • Salt, local anaesthetic is paste form
  • Topically on nasal mucosa - vasoconstriction
  • Used in ENT surgery
25
Q

Bupivacaine vs lidocaine

A
  • Bupivacaine = longer duration of action
  • Used for topical wound infiltration and at the end of surgery for long analgesic effect
  • BUT is cardiotoxic so cannot be used for Biers block - if tourniquet fails
26
Q

Prilocaine use

A
  • Far less cardiotoxic
  • Used for Biers block
27
Q

Two types of drugs which can be used for paralysis in anaesthetics

A
  • Non polarising neuromuscular blockers
  • Depolarising neuromuscular blockers
28
Q

MOA of depolarising drugs

A
  • Binds to nictotinic acetylcholine receptors
  • = Persistent depolarisation of motor end plate
29
Q

MOA of non-depolarising drugs

A

Competitive antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

30
Q

Examples of depolarising drugs

A
  • Succinylcholine (AKA suxamethonium)
31
Q

Examples of non-depoalrising drugs

A
  • Tubcurarine
  • Atracurium
  • Vecuronium
  • Pancuronium
32
Q

Adverse effects of depolarising agents

A

Malignant hyperthermia

33
Q

Adverse effects of non-depolarising agents

A

Hypotension

34
Q

Reversal of non-depolarising agents

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors eg Neostigmine

As more Ach accumulates, it out competes the drug

35
Q

Things to know about depolarising drugs

A
  • Muscle relaxant of choice
    for rapid sequence induction for intubation
  • May cause fasiculations
36
Q

What are the contraindications of Suxamethonium?

A
  • Penetrating eye injuries
  • Acute narrow angle glaucoma
  • It increases intra-ocular pressure
37
Q
A

Care of the Surgical Patient/Anaesthesia - YR3 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions