Anaesthetic

Question 1

Propofol onset

Answer 1

Rapid

Question 2

Propofol use

Answer 2

Maintenance in theatre and ITU

Question 3

Adverse effects propofil

Answer 3

Painful injection

Question 4

Metabolites propofol

Answer 4

little accumulation

Question 5

Myocardial depression popofol

Answer 5

moderate

Question 6

Added benefit propofol

Answer 6

anti-emetic

Question 7

Sodium thiopentone use and why

Answer 7

Rapid sequence induction
rapid onset

Question 8

Myocardial depression sodium thiopentone

Answer 8

Marked

Question 9

Can Sodium thiopentone be used as maintenance?

Answer 9

No

myocardial depression and build up of metabolites

Question 10

Analgesic effects of sodium thiopentone

Answer 10

Little

Question 11

Use of ketamine

Answer 11

haemodynamically unstable patients
little myocardial depression
strong analgesic properties

Question 12

Side effect ketamine

Answer 12

dossociative - nightmares

Question 13

Benefits of etomidate

Answer 13

good cardiac safety
reduce hormone production to damped stress response

Question 14

Downsides of etomidate

Answer 14

no analgesia
post op vomiting
adrenal suppression

Question 15

Plain lidocaine dose

Answer 15

3mg/kg

Question 16

Lidocaine with adrenaline dose

Answer 16

7mg/kg

Question 17

Prilocaine plain dose

Answer 17

6mg/kg

Question 18

Prilocain with adrenaline dose

Answer 18

9mg/kg

Question 19

Bupivacaine dose with adrenaline

Answer 19

2mg/kg

Question 20

Bupivicaie dose plain

Answer 20

2mg/kg

Question 21

Use of prilocaine

Answer 21

local

less cardiotoxic
IV regional anaestheisa

Question 22

Reversal prilocaine

Answer 22

methylene blue

Question 23

management toxicity local anaesthetic

Answer 23

stop injecting
high flow oxygen
cardiac monitoring
bolus 1.5ml/kg lipid emulsion
lipid emulsion infusion

Question 24

How does bupivocaine work?

Answer 24

prevents sodium influx therefore prevents depolarisation

Question 25

duration of action of bupivocaine

Answer 25

long

Question 26

why is bupivocaine contraindicated in regional block

Answer 26

cardiotoxic

Question 27

how does levobupivocaine differ to bupivocaine

Answer 27

less cardio toxic

Question 28

why can hugher does of lidocaine be given with adrenaline

Answer 28

limit systemic absorption

Question 29

drug interactions with lidocaine

Answer 29

beta blockers
ciprofloxacin
phenytoin

Question 30

features of lidocine toxicity

Answer 30

CNS activity then depression
cardiac arrythmias

Question 31

metabolism and excretion of lidocaine

Answer 31

hepatically metabolised
protein bound
renally excreted

Question 32

How does lidocaine work

Answer 32

amide
blocks sodium in axon

Question 33

What type of necrosis happens in ischaemic injury

Answer 33

coagulative

Question 34

What type of necrosis happens in the brain

Answer 34

colliquative

Question 35

Wat condition is associated with caseous necrosis?

Answer 35

TB

Question 36

What organism is accociated with wet gangrene

Answer 36

clostridium perfringens

Question 37

Why is gangrenous tissue black?

Answer 37

iron sulfide released from Hb breakdown

Question 38

What condition is fibrinoid necrosis associated with?

Answer 38

malignant hypertension

Question 39

what type of necrosis has a smudgy eosinophilic appearance

Answer 39

fibrinoid

Question 40

What is the process of apoptosis

Answer 40

energy dependent
activation of endonuclease
breaks down DNA

Question 41

apoptosis mediators

Answer 41

p53 - puts damaged cells into apoptosis
BCL-2 - hibits apoptosis

Question 42

diseases of increased apoptosis

Answer 42

HIV
neurodegenerative

Question 43

diseases of decreased apoptosis

Answer 43

neoplasia
autoimmune

Question 44

Options for radiacl radiotherapy

Answer 44

hodgkins
mets from seminoma following orchidectomy
skin
head an dneck
laryngeal

Question 45

options for palliative radiotherapy

Answer 45

bony mets
cerebral mets
ulcerating or fungating breast ca
lung ca (cough and haemoptysis)