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RAT course > Anaesthesia for minor procedures > Flashcards

Anaesthesia for minor procedures Flashcards

1
Q

What is an analgesic?

A

A drug which reduces perception of pain (not an anaesthetic).

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2
Q

What are the components of the anaesthetic triad?

A

Unconciousness
Analgesia
Muscle relaxation

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3
Q

What percentage of oxygen is required during anaesthesia to prevent hypoxia?

A

30-40%

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4
Q

What details of the animals are required before administering anaesthesia?

A

The weight of the animals (shows if they have lost weight after the procedure, not to calculate dosage)
Date they arrived (at least 7, preferrably 14 days)
Strain/genotype
Clinical examination results, health screens, blood samples

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5
Q

What should the flow rate into an anaesthetic chamber be?

A

10-50ml/min

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6
Q

What are some ways of reducing side effects of anaesthesia in animals?

A

Combining techniques (using lower doses of both)
Addition of local anaesthetics or analgesics

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7
Q

What must be done to the animal when anaesthesia is complete?

A

Wait until the animal regains its reflex, and then return it to a warmed incubator/recovery box

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8
Q

What factors need to be monitored during anaesthesia?

A

Depth of anaesthesia
Respiratory function
Cardiovascular function
Body temperature

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9
Q

How is depth of anaesthesia assessed?

A

A noxious stimulus may be applied (stimulus that would be painful if the animal were conscious) e.g. pinch between toes and check for pedal withdrawal reflex
May be able to observe blink response

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10
Q

How many breaths per min do rats and mice usually have?

A

Mice - 200-300 (?)
Rats - 80-100

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11
Q

How can body temperature be measured?

A

Using an oesophageal temperature probe (use heat pads)

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12
Q

What does a pulse oximeter measure?

A

Haemoglobin saturation and heart rate

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13
Q

What are the typical heart rates of rats and mice?

A

Mice - 450-650
Rat - 350-400

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14
Q

How many degrees of heat loss is considered hypothermia in mice, and how quickly can it develop?

A

Loss of 2-5C within 5-10 minutes

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15
Q

How could you tell if a mouse is lacking oxygen saturation (aside from pulse oximeter)?

A

They may develop a bluish tinge on the nose and mucus membranes

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16
Q

What does the oxygen saturation rate under anaesthesia need to be?

A

95-97%

17
Q

What should you check if respiration rate under anaesthesia is too low?

A

Check animal’s airway, check that the face mask is connected, reduce the depth of anaesthesia (when using an inhalant agent)
Ventilation can be assisted by blowing down the tube

18
Q

What are some ways of speeding up recovery from anaesthesia?

A

Intravenous administration
The use of antagonists
Preventing hypothermia

19
Q

How long does it take to fully recover from anaesthesia?

A

24-48 hours or longer

20
Q

What are some methods of supportive care after anaesthesia?

A

Use of synthetic bedding, retaining nests that the rodent has made, using heating pads, giving wet food to encourage fluid intake, do not isolate rats after procedures

21
Q

What are some factors affecting the choice of inhalation anaesthetic agent?

A

MAC value - measure of the potency of inhalational anaesthetics
Density of the agent
Cost
Speed of onset and recovery

22
Q

What are the components of anaesthetic machines?

A

Source of carrier gas - usually oxygen in a cylinder
Pressure regulator - reduce gas from compressed gas cylinders to lower pressure
Flowmeters - to control the gas flow
Vaporisers - produce anaesthetic vapour from liquid anaesthetic
Outlet port - connects to the anaesthetic breathing system

23
Q

Why does fresh gas flow have to be higher than exhaled gases, and what should the flow rate be?

A

To make sure all exhaled gases are blown out of the mask and to ensure that when the animal breathes in, only fresh gases from the anaesthetic machine are inhaled.
Flow rate - 3x the estimated minute volume

24
Q

Is fentanyl: analgesic, sedative and analgesic, or an injectable anaesthetic?

A

Analgesic

25
Q

Is isoflurane: analgesic, sedative and analgesic, or an injectable anaesthetic?

A

Inhalational agent

26
Q

Is Medetomidine: analgesic, sedative and analgesic, or an injectable anaesthetic?

A

sedative and analgesic

27
Q

Is propofol: analgesic, sedative and analgesic, or an injectable anaesthetic?

A

Injectable anaesthetic

28
Q

Is alfaxan: analgesic, sedative and analgesic, or an injectable anaesthetic?

A

Injectable anaesthetic

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