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Junior Surgery- Perioperative Management > Anaesthesia > Flashcards

Anaesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three principles of anaesthetics?

A
  • Hypnosis
  • Analgesia
  • Muscle Relaxation
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2
Q

What are the three principles of hypnosis?

A
  • Induction
  • Maintenance
  • Reversal
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3
Q

How is induction of hypnosis achieved?

A

IV Propofol

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4
Q

How is maintenance of hypnosis achieved?

A

Nitrous oxide/oxygen mix e.g. halothane

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5
Q

How is hypnosis reversed?

A

Change gas to 100% oxygen

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6
Q

How is muscle relaxation achieved?

A

Suxamethonium or atracurium

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7
Q

How is paralysis reversed?

A

Neostigmine + atropine (prevents muscarinic SEs)

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8
Q

How do epidurals work?

A

Catheter into epidural space in order to deliver local anaesthetic e.g. lidocaine/bupivacaine

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9
Q

What is the difference between epidural and spinal block?

A

Spinal block is into the CSF (sub-arachnoid/intra-thecal)

Epidural is outside the dura

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10
Q

Which is faster in onset: Epidural or spinal block?

A

Spinal block

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11
Q

Which uses a lower dose: Epidural or spinal block?

A

Spinal block

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12
Q

Which causes a quicker drop in BP: Epidural or spinal block?

A

Spinal block

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13
Q

What should you do when doing a spinal block and why?

A

Smaller needle- larger bores give a headache when piercing the dura

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14
Q

What is a complication of propofol?

A

Cardiorespiratory depression

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15
Q

What is a complication of intubation?

A

Oropharynx injury and oesophageal intubation (poor placement)

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16
Q

What is a complication of pain inhibition?

A
  • Urinary retention
  • Pressure wounds
  • Nerve palsy
17
Q

What is a complication of muscle relaxation?

A

No cough:

- Atelectasis (lung collapse) and pneumonia

18
Q

What is malignant hyperpyrexia?

A
  • Rare complication of halothane and suxamethonium
  • Autosomal dominant inheritance
  • Rapid rise in temp, masseter spasm
19
Q

How is malignant hyperpyrexia treated?

A
  • Dantrolene

- Cooling

20
Q

What are the side effects of spinal/epidurals?

A
  • Respiratory depression

- Neurogenic shock (BP drop)

21
Q

What is step one in the pain ladder?

A
  • Paracetamol or NSAIDs regularly e.g. QDS
22
Q

What is step two in the pain ladder?

A
  • Opioid + non-opioid

E.g. codeine + tramadol/paracetamol

23
Q

What is co-codamol?

A

Codeine and paracetamol

24
Q

What is step three in the pain ladder?

A

Morphine/fentanyl (and adjuvants)

25
Q

What are the ASA grades?

A

1 Normally healthy
2 Mild systemic disease
3 Severe disease that limits activity
4 Systemic disease that is a constant threat to life
5 24 hr life expectancy even with operation

Junior Surgery- Perioperative Management (4 decks)

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