Anaesthesia Flashcards
Drugs for induction
Propofol
Thiopentone
Ketamine (not preferred)
Opioids used in anaesthesia
Fentanyl
Morphine
Drugs for maintenance
Desflurane
Isoflurane
Drugs for muscle relaxation
Atracurium
Suxamethonium
Drugs for reversal and how they work
Neostigmine - inhibits muscle relaxants so patient starts breathing on their own
Doxapram - respiratory stimulant so patient exhales more of anaesthesia
Examples of anti-emetics
Metoclopramide
Cyclizine
Ondansetron
Dexamethasone - only suitable if patient unconscious
Sequence of symptoms in local anaesthetic overdose
Tingling around mouth
Drowsiness
Seizures
Cardiac arrest (arrhythmias)
Treatment of LA toxicity
Lipid emulsion
Where are spinal and epidural blocks injected into
Spinal - subarachnoid space into CSF
Epidural - epidural space
What layers does the sprotte needle go through in a spinal block
Skin Subcutaneous tissue Supraspinous ligament Infraspinatus ligament Ligamentum flavum Epidural space Dura mater Arachnoid mater
What layers does the sprotte need to go through in an epidural block
Skin Subcutaneous tissue Supraspinous ligament Infraspinatus ligament Ligamentum flavum
What is injected in a spinal or epidural block and what does it act on in each
Local anaesthetic
Spinal - acts on spinal cord
Epidural - acts on nerve roots
What are the central and peripheral neuraxial blocks
Central - spinal, epidural and combined spinal + epidural
Peripheral - block specific peripheral nerves e.g femoral nerve block
