Anaes Drugs Flashcards
What are some anaesthetic agents?
Propofol - rapid onset, proven ant-emetic, myocardial depression, used on ITU, total IV anaesthesia and dya case
Sodium Thiopentone - extremely rapid (RSI), marked myocardial depression, little analgesic effect
Ketamine - can be used for induction, moderate to strong analgesic, little myocardial depression, may induce dissociative anaesthesia = nightmares
Etomidate - very safe for heart, no analgesic properties, can cause adrenal suppresion, PONV
What are some examples of muscle relaxants?
Suxamethonium - inhibits acetylcholine (depolarising), FASTEST and SHORTEST, produces generalised muscular contraction prior to paralysis, HYPERK
Atracurium - non-depolarising, 30-45 mins, histamine release (facial flushing, tachy and hypot), not excreted by liver or kidneys, NEOSTIGMINE can reverse
Vecuronium - non-depolarising, 30-40 mins, excreted by kidney and liver, effects prolonged in organ dysfunction, NEOSTIGMINE can reverse
What are some general anesthetics?
Halothane - INHALED - hepatoxicity, myocardial depression
Thiopental - IV - laryngospasm, quickly affects brain
What are the different crystalloids? Characteristics?
0.9% NaCL - all in the ECF, RISK hyperchloraemic acidosis as contains chloride
Dextrose - 50g dex/L of water - distributes evenly across all fluid compartments - no electrolytes so causes decrease in blood osmolality by dilution
Hartmann’s - has potassium if needed, also has lactate - potential issues with lactate in sepsis
What are some Colloids? Characteristics?
Gelofusion
Starches (voluven, volulyte)
Pros - stays in circulation if capillary membranes normal
Cons : no oxygen carrying capacity -dilutional anaemia
Albumin
Blood
Pro - ideal replacement for blood loss
Cons - transfusion reactions, infection risk, expensive
