anaerobic respiration KRQ Flashcards

1
Q

Why does anaerobic respiration happen?

A

In the absence of oxygen there is no final electron acceptor so the electron transport chain stops.
Conversion of pyruvate to lactate by NADH regenerates NAD so glycolysis can continue and a small amount of ATP can be produced.

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2
Q
  1. In which organisms does anaerobic respiration lead to the production of ethanol?
A

Certain bacteria, fungi (e.g. yeast) and certain cells of higher plants (e.g. root cells when waterlogged)

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3
Q
  1. What happens to pyruvate in anaerobic respiration when it leads to the production of ethanol?
A

Carbon dioxide is removed from it (decarboxylation), this produces ethanal. Ethanal then accepts Hydrogen from reduced NAD therefore ethanal is reduced to ethanol and NADH is oxidised to NAD.

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4
Q
  1. How is the production of ethanol by yeast exploited by humans?
A

To brew beer (fermentation)

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5
Q
  1. In which organisms does anaerobic respiration lead to the production of lactate?
A

Animals

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6
Q
  1. What happens to pyruvate in anaerobic respiration when it leads to the production of lactate?
A

It accepts hydrogen from NADH to form lactate. Pyruvate is reduced, NADH is oxidised.

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7
Q
  1. What does lactate cause when it accumulates in muscles?
A

Muscle fatigue

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8
Q
  1. What happens to the lactate as it is produced in muscles?
A

It is removed by the blood and taken to the liver to be converted into glycogen

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9
Q
  1. What happens to lactate when oxygen is again present?
A

It is oxidised to produce pyruvate again (this is an oxygen debt)

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10
Q
  1. Is ATP production during anaerobic respiration oxidative or substrate level phosphorylation?
A

Substrate level (because it is just glycolysis that occurs!)

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