Anaerobes And Biofilms

Question 1

Clostridium

Answer 1

Spore-forming Gram Positive Rods = 
Clostridium species:
1. Tetanus: C. Tetani 
2. Gas Gangrene: C. Perfringenes
3. Botulism: C. Botulinum
4. Antibiotic associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis: C. Difficile

Question 2

NON - spore forming Gram positive Rods:

Answer 2

1) Proprionibacterium species
2) Actinomyces species
3) Mobiluncus species

PAM from The Office never likes to go anywhere, she doesn’t spread like spores do when they shoot off - PAM is a NON-Spore former.

Question 3

Actinomyces species

Answer 3

Actinomyces species:
Non-spore forming Gram Positive Rods (You’re actin’ funny - which is good some times - because you gotta fart - pus containing, sulfur granules.

Chronic, granulomatous, infectious disease with sinus tracts and fistula, which erupt to the surface and drain pus containing “sulfur granules”

Question 4

Proprionibacterium species

Answer 4

Proprionibacterium species:
Non-spore forming Gram Positive Rod
Remember, PAM is a non spore former and is very likable = Gram positive. (The P in Pam is for Proprionibacterium - Pam is always very APPROPRIATE - sounds like Proprion - she is found where appropriate - normal skin and respiratory flora. Pam gets acne.
Normal skin and respiratory flora. Scope of infection is similar to Coagulase Negative Staphlococcus species.

P. Acnes is often found in acne pustules - but it’s likely NOT the cause of acne, it just likes to proliferate in acne. - It’s a party animal - it likes to hang out.

Question 5

Mobiluncus species:

Answer 5

Mobiluncus species:
Non-spore former
Part of PAM - Pam is a woman

Women love to be on their MOBILE phones all the time - Mobiluncus causes bacterial vaginosis. Women also love to garden, it worlds synergistically with Gardnerella vaginosis.

Act synergistically with organisms including Gardnerella vaginosis to cause bacterial vaginosis.

Question 6

Gram positive Cocci:

Answer 6

Gram Positive Cocci:

Remember that all streptococci are gram positive cocci.

1) Peptostreptococcus species
2) Anaerobic and Microaerophillic Streptococcus species

Question 7

Peptostreptococcus:

Answer 7

Peptostreptococcus species:
Gram positive cocci
Remember all streptoCOCCI are gram positive cocci

• Pepto Bismol tastes so good that people take it when they shouldn’t = it goes to places it shouldn’t be in those cases.

Usually found in abscess that arise from misplaced oral flora: brain or deep lung abscess
(My note: Found in bite wounds, abscesses, lung abscesses - places where the normal flora shouldn’t be.)

Question 8

Anaerobic and microaerophillic Streptococcus species:

Answer 8

Anaerobic and microaerophillic Streptococcus species:
Gram-Positive Cocci

Remember, all streptococci are gram positive cocci.

Habitat and appearance similar to Peptostreptococcus species.

Streptococci do not respond to the classic anaerobic drug metronidazole

Question 9

Gram-Negative Cocci:

Answer 9

Gram Negative cocci:

Veillonella species

Question 10

Veillonella species:

Answer 10

Veillonella species:
Gram-Negative cocci
- Veil - Bride - Many brides don’t like their weddings as much as they hope to = gram negative
I was a bride and have a very round face = cocci
Weddings are usually a party, they have mixed people attend = mixed infections.

The only anaerobic genus of gram-negative cocci usually implicated as pathogens.

Found in mixed infections of oral origin.
(Party animal - not an instigator, just hangs out.)

Question 11

Gram-Negative Rods

Answer 11

Gram-Negative Rods:

1) Bacterioides species
2) Prevotella and Porphyromonas species
3) Fusobacterium species

Question 12

Bacteriodes species:

Answer 12

Bacteriodes species:
Gram-Negative Rods
Think of Bacteroides fragilis - too fragile is bad because breaks easily= gram negative and skinny or ROD shaped. Too fragile to breath in oxygen = obligate anaerobes
They’re so fragile, that they have to be in large numbers to survive = outnumber E. Coli 1000:1
But they become so large in number that they become the biggest cause of anaerobic bacteremias.

This group accounts for about 70% of clinically significant anaerobic bacteremias.
Bacteroides fragilis group outnumber E. Coli in the colon by approximately 1000:1.

Question 13

Prevotella and Porphyromonas species:

Answer 13

Prevotella and Porphyromonas species:
Gram-Negative Rods
Romona like to eat Provolone cheese too much = gram negative, but she was still a very skinny child = rod shaped. All the provolone cheese gave her stinky breath (cause of most odor in the mouth). She never brushed her teeth and got abscesses (common in dental abscesses)
Her former nanny, Selena Gomez had brown/black/sometimes red hair bacteroides species

Include former pigmented (brown to black, or red-fluorescing) Bacteroides species.
Common in mouth flora and dental abscess.
(These cause most of the odor you smell in the mouth.)

Question 14

Fusobacterium species:

Answer 14

Fusobacterium species:
Gram-Negative Rods
Welding or FUSING RODS together is a dangerous job = Gram Negative Rod
Sometimes FUSES with Actinomyces when they’re Actin’ funny.
Just remember that the fusform shape (needle like) is typically a boards question - so it’s a mouth associated bacteria.

Mouth associated.
Can occasionally be found mixed with Actinomyces.
(Needle-like, pointed shaped - typical Boards Q.)

Question 15

Anaerobes originating orally (in the mouth)

Answer 15

Anaerobes originating ORALLY (in the mouth)
Fuck VAPPing (it causes many oral issues)
Fusobacterium
Veilonella
Actinomyces
Pigmented Porphyromonas and
Prevotella sp.

Question 16

Anaerobes originating on the skin:

Answer 16

Anaerobes originating on the skin:

Propionibacterium

Question 17

Anaerobes originating in the vagina:

Answer 17

Anaerobes originating in the vagina:
Baby comes out of vagina and likes to eat dairy = LACTO and Prevotella (provolone cheese)

Lactobacillus
Prevotella bivia

Question 18

Anaerobes originating in the colon:

Answer 18

Anaerobes originating in the colon:
My colon is very sensitive (fragile)

Bacteroides fragilis
Bacteroides sp.

Question 19

After Teeth Cleaning order of biofilm production:

Answer 19

Acquired pellicle
Primary colonizers
Bridge Bacteria
Late Colonizers

Question 20

Primary Colonizers include:

Answer 20

Primary Colonizers include:

Streptococcus mutans
Actinomyces
Pili and adhesion molecules
Glucan polymer glycocalyx (EPS - Exopolysaccharides)

Question 21

Bridge Bacteria:

Answer 21

Bridge Bacteria:
Bridge Bacteria FUSE early and late colonizers together.

Glucan-binding proteins
Fusobacterium

• Can’t bind to pellicle, but can bind to primary colonizers.

Question 22

Late Colonizers include:

Answer 22

Late Colonizers Include:
SELENa was LATE to her wedding because she first PROPerly ate PRovolone (Prevotella) cheese and SALIVAted before putting on her VEIL

Streptococcus salivarius
Propionbacterium
Prevotella
Veillonella
Selenomonas

• Generally considered non-pathogenic.

Question 23

PATHOGENIC bacteria that come if plaque remains undisturbed on teeth for several DAYS:

Answer 23

Porphyromonas gingivalis
Bacteroides forsythia
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Treponema denticola

• Require the late colonizers in order to attach.