Anaeorobic Bacteria

Question 1

Gram positive: Two branches?

Answer 1

(1) Cocci
- Staphylococcus
- Streptococcus
- Enterococcus

(2) Bacilli
- Corynobacterium diptheriae
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Bacilli Antracis

Question 2

Anaerobic Gram Positive cocci: two branches

Answer 2

Catalase (-)

Catalase (+)

Question 3

What is a catalase test used for?

Answer 3

Used to differentiate between staphylococci and streptococci.

Question 4

Which groups of bacteria are catalase (+) and what does that mean?

Answer 4

Staphylococci (clumps)

Produce an enzyme hat breaks down:

(toxic) hydrogen peroxide –> carbon dioxide + water

Question 5

Which groups of bacteria are catalase (-)?

Answer 5

Streptococci

Enterococci

Question 6

How do you further differentiate between catalase positive staphylococci?

Answer 6

using a coagulase test

Question 7

What is a coagulase positive test mean?

Answer 7

enzyme that causes fibrin in blood plasma to clot

Question 8

What is the the bacteria that we worry about?

Anaerobic
Gram (+) cocci in clusters 
Catalase (+)
Coagulase (+)
Gold colonies on blood agar

Answer 8

Staphylococcus Aureus

As positive as it sounds it definitely is not.

Question 9

Natural Habitat of S.Aureus

Answer 9

Mucus Membranes
Respiratory Tract
Skin
Air, Environment

” Think MRSA”

usually colonizes the anterior nares (nose) of with no symptoms

Question 10

Types of S.Aureus?

6

Answer 10

MSSA - methacillin suseptible SA
MRSA - methacillin resistant SA
CA-MRSA - Community Aquired
HA- MRSA - Healthcare Aquired

More resistant ones
VISA - vancomycin intermediate S.Aures
Vancomycin - resistant S.Aureus (rare)

Question 11

S.Aureus Associated Infections

Answer 11

SSTI (skin and soft tissue)
- folliculitis (hair follicules), Impetigo (epidermis- gold crusting), erysipelas (upper dermis - riased clear dermication, warmth, redness, fever, chills), cellulitus (deeper dermis and SC fat - less defined but similar to erysipelas)
Osteomyelitis
Joint Infections
Sepsis
Endocarditis (in heart valves)
Prosthetic material infection 
Necrotizing pnemonia
Toxin mediated diseases: 
- food poisoning
- scalded skin syndrome (loss of superficial layer of skin due to exfolative toxin)
-toxic shock syndrome