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3. Haematology > Anaemia - Classification > Flashcards

Anaemia - Classification Flashcards

1
Q

Define anaemia.

A

Decreased levels of haemoglobin

Men: <135g/L
Women: <115g/L

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2
Q

What are the 4 main types of anaemia?

A

Normocytic
Microcytic
Macrocytic
Haemolytic

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3
Q

What are the 2 types of microcytic anaemia?

A

Normochromic

Hypochromic

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4
Q

What are the 2 types of macrocytic anaemia?

A

Megaloblastic

Non-megaloblastic

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5
Q

Define megaloblastic anaemia.

A

Macrocytic anaemia caused by delayed RBC DNA maturation

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6
Q

List 6 causes of normocytic anaemia.

A 
Acute blood loss
Anaemia of chronic disease
Bone marrow failure
Renal failure
Hypothyroidism
Pregnancy
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7
Q

List 3 causes of megaloblastic anaemia.

What sort of anaemia is this?

A

Macrocytic anaemia

EXAMPLES:
Folate deficiency
B12 deficiency (e.g. pernicious anaemia)
Cytotoxic drugs (e.g. hydroxycarbamide)
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8
Q

List 7 causes of non-megaloblastic anaemia.

What sort of anaemia is this?

A

Macrocytic anaemia

EXAMPLES:
Alcohol abuse
Liver disease
Severe hypothyroidism
Myelodysplastic syndromes
Aplastic anaemia
Myeloid leukaemia
Drugs affecting DNA synthesis (e.g. antifolate drugs)
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9
Q

List 3 causes of hypochromic, microcytic anaemia.

A

Iron deficiency anaemia
Anaemia of chronic disease (ACD)
Thalassaemia

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10
Q

List 2 causes of normochromic, microcytic anaemia.

A

Sideroblastic anaemia

Sickle cell anaemia

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11
Q

What are the 2 types of haemolytic anaemia?

A

Acquired

Inherited

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12
Q

What are the 2 types of acquired haemolytic anaemia?

A

Immune mediated

Non-immune mediated

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13
Q

What are the 2 types of immune mediated haemolytic anaemia?

Give 2 examples of each.

A

Drug-induced, e.g.

  • Penicillin
  • Quinine

Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, e.g.

  • Warm AIHA
  • Cold AIHA
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14
Q

Give 2 examples of cold autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA).

A

Cold haemaglutinin disease (CHAD)

Paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria (PCH)

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15
Q

List 4 non-immune mediated causes of haemolytic anaemia.

Where relevant, give examples.

A

Autoimmune hepatitis
Hepatitis B/C

Drug induced, e.g.

  • Piperacillin
  • Rituximab

Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, e.g.

  • HUS
  • TTP (thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura)
  • DIC
  • Pre-eclampsia
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16
Q

List 3 causes of inherited haemolytic anaemia.

Give 2 examples of each.

A

RBC enzyme defects, e.g.

  • G6PD deficiency
  • Pyruvate kinase deficiency

RBC membrane defects, e.g.
-Congenital spherocytosis

Haemoglobinopathies, e.g.

  • Sickle cell anaemia
  • Thalassaemia

3. Haematology (13 decks)

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