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Haematology > Anaemia > Flashcards

Anaemia Flashcards

1
Q

MCV meaning

A

The mean corpuscular volume of red cells is a useful index and is used to classify anaemia- 80-96

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2
Q

Reticulocytes- what are they?

A

Young red cells and usually comprise <2% of the red cells. The reticulocyte count gives a guide to the erythroid activity in the bone marrow

Increased count seen in haemorrhage or haemolysis.
Low count in the presence of anaemia indicates an inappropriate response by the bone marrow and may be seen in bone marrow failure

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3
Q

Hb values in male and female

A

Male: 135-170
Female:115-160

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4
Q

Which hormone controls erythropoiesis?

A

Erythropoietin- produced in the peritubular cells of the kidneys and in the liver

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5
Q

Role of 2,3 BPG

A

2,3- bisphophoglycerate. Red cell metabolism produces 2,3-BPG from glycolysis and the binding of the 2,3 BPG stabilises the Taut conformation of haemoglobin- REDUCING affinity for oxygen and INCREASING release of oxygen from tissues

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6
Q

How does a reduction in plasma volume change Hb ?

A

Reduced plasma volume leads to suspiciously high Hb- seen with dehydration and polycythaemia

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7
Q

Three major types of anaemia classified by MCV?

A

Microcytic- Low MCV
Normocytic- Normal MCV
Macrocytic- High MCV

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8
Q

Symptoms of anaemia

A
  • Fatigue, headaches and faintness
  • Breathlessness
  • Angina
  • Intermittent claudication
  • Palpitations
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9
Q

Signs of anaemia (general)

A
  • Pallor
  • Tachycardia
  • Systolic flow murmur
  • Cardiac failure
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10
Q

Specific signs of anaemia

A
  • Koilonychia- spoon shaped nails
  • Jaundice- found in haemolytic anaemia
  • Bone deformitites- found in thalassaemia major
  • Leg ulcers- sickle cell
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11
Q

What is iron stores as in the body?

A

Ferritin

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12
Q

Key molecule for regulating iron absorption?

A

Hepcidin - synthesised in liver

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13
Q

Extra demand for iron during growth and pregnancy

A

Growth- 0.6mg/day

Pregnancy- 1-2 mg/day

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14
Q

Low MCV - causes and type of anaemia experienced

A 
<80 fL
Iron deficiency 
Thalassaemia
Anaemia of chronic disease
Sideroblastic anaemia- Sideroblastic anemia is a group of blood disorders characterized by an impaired ability of the bone marrow to produce normal red blood cells . In this condition, the iron inside red blood cells is inadequately used to make hemoglobin, despite normal amounts of iron.
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15
Q

High MCV- causes and type of anaemia

A

> 96 fL
Vitamin b12 or folate deficiency (Megaloblastic)

Normoblastic:-

Increased reticulocytes- haemolysis, haemorrhage
Liver disease, hypothryoidism
Drug therapy- azathioprine

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16
Q

Normal MCV- causes and type of anaemia

A 
Acute Blood loss 
Anaemia of chronic disease
Chronic kidney disease
Autoimmune rheumatic disease
Marrow infiltration/fibrosis
Endocrine disease
Haemolytic anaemias

Haematology (3 decks)

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