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AMK > Anaemia > Flashcards

Anaemia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the causes of megaloblastic anaemia?

A

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Folate deficiency

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2
Q

What are the causes of normoblastic anaemia?

A 
Alcohol
Liver disease
Hypothyroidism 
Pregnancy
Reticulocytes
Myelodysplasia 
Drugs: Cytotoxics
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3
Q

What are aplastic anaemia and features on blood count?

A

Is characterised by pancytopenia (deficient in all 3 blood cells) and a hypoplastic bone marrow
- normochromic and normocytic anaemia

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4
Q

What causes aplastic anaemia?

A 
Idiopathic
Congenital - Fanconi anaemia 
Drugs
Toxins: benzene
Infections: parvovirus, hepatitis
radiation
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5
Q

What are the causes of microcytic anaemia?

A 
Iron-deficiency anaemia
Thalassaemia
Congenital sideroblastic anaemia 
Anaemia of chronic disease 
Lead poisoning
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6
Q

What is thalassaemia?

A

Group of inherited conditions that affect haemoglobin

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7
Q

What is polycythemia rubra vera?

A

Slow growing cancer where the body produces too many red blood cells. This leads to thickening of the blood.

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8
Q

What is the cause of normocytic anaemia?

A 
Acute blood loss
Chronic kidney disease
Aplastic anaemia
Haemolytic anaemia 
anaemia of chronic disease
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9
Q

What is the difference between normoblastic and normocytic anaemia?

A

Normoblastic - is the premature red blood cells in the blood supply.

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10
Q

Macrocytic anaemia can be divided into two causes, name them.

A

Normoblastic

Megaloblastic

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11
Q

What is pernicious anaemia?

A

It is an autoimmune disease caused by antibodies affecting gastric parietal cells or intrinsic factor. This results in vitamin B12 deficiency

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12
Q

Treatment of pernicious anaemia?

A

B12 injections and possibly folic acid supplements

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13
Q

What is sideroblastic anaemia?

A

Red cells fail to completely form haem. Leads to deposits of iron in the mitochondria leading to a ring around the nucleus called a ring sideroblast.

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14
Q

Causes of sideroblastic anaemia?

A

can be congenital or acquired

  • myelodysplasia (cancer)
  • alcohol
  • Lead
  • Anti-TB medications
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15
Q

Diagnosis and treatment of sideroblastic anaemia?

A

Hypochromic microcytic anaemia, Bone marrow contains sideroblasts and increased iron stores

Treat the underlying cause and pyridoxine may help

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16
Q

What are the main causes of iron deficiency anaemia?

A

Excessive blood loss
Lack of iron in the diet
Poor intestinal absorption
High iron demand (children or pregnant women)

17
Q

Treatment for iron deficiency anaemia

A

Oral ferrous sulfate

Iron-rich diet

AMK (11 decks)

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