Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paediatric Haematology > Anaemia > Flashcards

Anaemia Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of anaemia (3)

A

Decreased RBC production

Decreased RBC lifespan

Excessive blood loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Causes of decreased RBC production (3)

A

IDA-malabsorption/nutrition

Marrow replacement-malignancy, marrow aplasia

Chronic disease-renal failure, inflammatory conditions e.g. JIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Causes of decreased RBC lifespan (9)

A

Intrinsic defects:

  • G6PD
  • spherocytosis
  • eliptocytosis
  • pyruvate kinase deficiency
  • haemoglobinopathies

Extrinsic:

  • immune mediated: ABO/rhesus incompatibility, haemolytic anaemia
  • malaria
  • hypersplenism
  • microangiopathy e.g. HUS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Common causes of excessive blood loss (4)

A

GI: hookworm, Meckel’s

Iatrogenic: excessive venesection in babies

epistaxis

menorrhagia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Causes of IDA in children (5)

A

Commonest at 1yr is early introduction of unmodified cow’s milk at 6mo.

Prematurity: not immediately anaemic but have poorer iron stores so more susceptible to developing IDA

Excessive bleeding

Malnutrition

Malabsorption: coeliac, CF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Presentation of IDA (6)

A

babies: less happy, poor psychomotor development, poor cognition

poor feeding

low energy

malabsorption

FHx of sickle cell/thalassaemia

pallor of conjunctiva/palmar creases/tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ix for IDA (5)

A

FBC

Hb

Ferritin-lowered (acute phase protein, can be raised w. inflammation)

TIBC-raised

Transferrin-raised (iron-binding protein)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Long term problems in children w. sickle cell (8)

A

short stature/delayed puberty

cognitive problems due to repeated strokes

adenotonsilar enlargement>sleep apnoea

leg ulcers

renal dysfunction

pigment gallstones

retinopathy

cardiac enlargement/heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Age of presentation and Dx of sickle cell (4)

A

presents around 6mo

Guthrie heel prick test in 1st day of life

Hb electrophoresis

Afro-Caribbeans routinely screened before GA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Blood test findings in sickle cell (4)

A

low Hb

raised bilirubin

raised reticulocytes

target cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Presentation of sickle cell in children (2)

A

Acute dactylitis:

  • painful, swollen hand which is painful to touch
  • in combination w. apyrexia and good feeding

(NB advise to avoid cold, exercise, stress, hypoxia, dehydration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When to admit a child w. sickle cell (2)

A

Any chest Sx

Pyrexia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Initial Mx of sickle cell crisis (4)

A

IV fluids

O2

oramorph

Abx-crisis can be triggered by infection

(exchange transfusion in certain scenarios)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When to give exchange transfusion to a sickle cell patient (3)

A

only if:

  • priapism
  • acute chest crisis
  • stroke
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Features, Dx and Mx of thalassaemia (3)

A

raised HbA2 in thalassaemia minor

also screened for in neonatal blood spot test

bone marrow transplant is only cure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Genetics and presentation of hereditary spherocytosis (4)

A

AD cytoskeletal mutation

Presentation:

  • anaemia/fatigue
  • jaundice
  • splenomegaly
17
Q

Ix for hereditary spherocytosis (5)

A

FBC, blood film

Raised:

  • unconjugated bilirubin
  • LDH
  • urinary and foecal urobilinogen

Low haptoglobin

18
Q

Rx of hereditary spherocytosis

A

splenectomy at 5yrs

19
Q

Genetics, presentation and blood film of G6PD (2)

A

X-linked recessive

Presents w. neonatal jaundice

Film: Heinz bodies and bite cells

20
Q

Acute triggers of G6PD (3)

A

Henna, fava beans, touching moth balls

infection

drugs:

  • ciprofloxacin
  • nitrofurantoin
  • sulpha-drugs: sulphonylureas, sulphasalazine, sulphonamides
  • anti-malarials: primaquine
21
Q

Features and pathology of parvovirus (2)

A

transmitted via resp secretions and vertical transmission

virus infects erythroblastoid red cell precursors in BM and supresses erythropoiesis for <7d

(NB outbreaks mostly in spring)

22
Q

Presentation of parvovirus infection

A

erythema infectiosum/slapped cheek/5th disease:
-viral Sx followed by slapped cheek rash>reticular/lacy rash on limbs

aplastic crisis in children w.:

  • immunodeficiency
  • chronic haemolytic anaemia

infection in utero>hydrops/death

Paediatric Haematology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions