Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DISEASE - endocrine and haem > Anaemia > Flashcards

Anaemia Flashcards

1
Q

select the most appropriate description of underlying disease mechanism for the following haematological condition:
* acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
a - AI suppression of BM stem cells
b - infiltration of BM
c - cytokine induced suppression of marrow function
d - immune destruction by the spleen
e - infiltration of colonal proliferation of mature cells
f - lack of B12
g - deficiency of iron
h - progressive RBC division due to inability to achieve optimum Hb conc
i - lack of erythropoietin
j - genetic abnormality of Hb genes
k - colonal abnormality of stem cells
l - genetic mutation causing constitutively activated tyrosine kinase mediated clonal proliferation and reduced apoptosis
m - genetic abnormality of RBC membrane proteins
n- infiltration by clonal proliferation of primitive cells

A

n - infiltration by clonal proliferation of primitive cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

select the most appropriate description of underlying disease mechanism for the following haematological condition:
* microcytic hypochromic anaemia (small pale red cells)
a - AI suppression of BM stem cells
b - infiltration of BM
c - cytokine induced suppression of marrow function
d - immune destruction by the spleen
e - infiltration of colonal proliferation of mature cells
f - lack of B12
g - deficiency of iron
h - progressive RBC division due to inability to achieve optimum Hb conc
i - lack of erythropoietin
j - genetic abnormality of Hb genes
k - colonal abnormality of stem cells
l - genetic mutation causing constitutively activated tyrosine kinase mediated clonal proliferation and reduced apoptosis
m - genetic abnormality of RBC membrane proteins
n- infiltration by clonal proliferation of primitive cells

A

h - progressive RBC division due to inability to achieve optimum Hb conc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

select the most appropriate description of underlying disease mechanism for the following haematological condition:
* aplastic anaemia
a - AI suppression of BM stem cells
b - infiltration of BM
c - cytokine induced suppression of marrow function
d - immune destruction by the spleen
e - infiltration of colonal proliferation of mature cells
f - lack of B12
g - deficiency of iron
h - progressive RBC division due to inability to achieve optimum Hb conc
i - lack of erythropoietin
j - genetic abnormality of Hb genes
k - colonal abnormality of stem cells
l - genetic mutation causing constitutively activated tyrosine kinase mediated clonal proliferation and reduced apoptosis
m - genetic abnormality of RBC membrane proteins
n- infiltration by clonal proliferation of primitive cells

A

a - AI suppression of BM stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

select the most appropriate description of underlying disease mechanism for the following haematological condition:
* chronic myeloid leukaemia
a - AI suppression of BM stem cells
b - infiltration of BM
c - cytokine induced suppression of marrow function
d - immune destruction by the spleen
e - infiltration of colonal proliferation of mature cells
f - lack of B12
g - deficiency of iron
h - progressive RBC division due to inability to achieve optimum Hb conc
i - lack of erythropoietin
j - genetic abnormality of Hb genes
k - colonal abnormality of stem cells
l - genetic mutation causing constitutively activated tyrosine kinase mediated clonal proliferation and reduced apoptosis
m - genetic abnormality of RBC membrane proteins
n- infiltration by clonal proliferation of primitive cells

A

l - genetic mutation causing constitutively activate tyrosine kinase mediated clonal proliferation and reduced apoptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

select the most appropriate description of the underlying disease mechanism for the following haematological diseases:
* myeloma
a - lack of iron
b - BM infiltration by reed sternberg cells, sclerosis and lymphocytes
c - presence of serum paraprotein
d - presence of philedelphia chromosome
e - clonal abnormality of stem cells giving rise to infiltration of BM by primitive myeloid precursors
f - AI suppression of BM stem cells
g - ineffective utilisation of iron
h - suppression of marrow function systemic cytokine release
i - infiltration of BM be clonal proliferation of plasma cells
j - BM stromal damage
k - clonal proliferation and reduced apoptosis driven by constitutively activated tyrosine kinase
l - reduced erythriod maturation due to lack of epo
m - clonal abnormality of stem cells causing failure of functional development of all marrow cell lines
n - proliferation of mature myeloid precursors

A

i - infiltration of BM by clonal proliferation of plasma cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

select the most appropriate description of the underlying disease mechanism for the following haematological diseases:
* anaemia of renal failure
a - lack of iron
b - BM infiltration by reed sternberg cells, sclerosis and lymphocytes
c - presence of serum paraprotein
d - presence of philedelphia chromosome
e - clonal abnormality of stem cells giving rise to infiltration of BM by primitive myeloid precursors
f - AI suppression of BM stem cells
g - ineffective utilisation of iron
h - suppression of marrow function systemic cytokine release
i - infiltration of BM be clonal proliferation of plasma cells
j - BM stromal damage
k - clonal proliferation and reduced apoptosis driven by constitutively activated tyrosine kinase
l - reduced erythriod maturation due to lack of epo
m - clonal abnormality of stem cells causing failure of functional development of all marrow cell lines
n - proliferation of mature myeloid precursors

A

l - reduced maturation due to reduced epo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

select the most appropriate description of the underlying disease mechanism for the following haematological diseases:
* hodgkins disease
a - lack of iron
b - BM infiltration by reed sternberg cells, sclerosis and lymphocytes
c - presence of serum paraprotein
d - presence of philedelphia chromosome
e - clonal abnormality of stem cells giving rise to infiltration of BM by primitive myeloid precursors
f - AI suppression of BM stem cells
g - ineffective utilisation of iron
h - suppression of marrow function systemic cytokine release
i - infiltration of BM be clonal proliferation of plasma cells
j - BM stromal damage
k - clonal proliferation and reduced apoptosis driven by constitutively activated tyrosine kinase
l - reduced erythriod maturation due to lack of epo
m - clonal abnormality of stem cells causing failure of functional development of all marrow cell lines
n - proliferation of mature myeloid precursors

A

b - BM infiltration by reed sternberg cells, sclerosis and lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

select the most appropriate description of the underlying disease mechanism for the following haematological diseases:
* acute myeloid leukaemia
a - lack of iron
b - BM infiltration by reed sternberg cells, sclerosis and lymphocytes
c - presence of serum paraprotein
d - presence of philedelphia chromosome
e - clonal abnormality of stem cells giving rise to infiltration of BM by primitive myeloid precursors
f - AI suppression of BM stem cells
g - ineffective utilisation of iron
h - suppression of marrow function systemic cytokine release
i - infiltration of BM be clonal proliferation of plasma cells
j - BM stromal damage
k - clonal proliferation and reduced apoptosis driven by constitutively activated tyrosine kinase
l - reduced erythriod maturation due to lack of epo
m - clonal abnormality of stem cells causing failure of functional development of all marrow cell lines
n - proliferation of mature myeloid precursors

A

e - clonal abnormality of stem cells giving rise to infiltration of bone marrow by primitive myeloid precursors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

select the most appropriate description of the underlying disease mechanism for the following haematological diseases:
* myelodysplasia
a - lack of iron
b - BM infiltration by reed sternberg cells, sclerosis and lymphocytes
c - presence of serum paraprotein
d - presence of philedelphia chromosome
e - clonal abnormality of stem cells giving rise to infiltration of BM by primitive myeloid precursors
f - AI suppression of BM stem cells
g - ineffective utilisation of iron
h - suppression of marrow function systemic cytokine release
i - infiltration of BM be clonal proliferation of plasma cells
j - BM stromal damage
k - clonal proliferation and reduced apoptosis driven by constitutively activated tyrosine kinase
l - reduced erythriod maturation due to lack of epo
m - clonal abnormality of stem cells causing failure of functional development of all marrow cell lines
n - proliferation of mature myeloid precursors

A

m - clonal abnormality of stem cells causing failure of functional development of all marrow cell lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

select the most appropriate disease mechanism for the clinical condition:
* idiopathic thrombocytopenia
a - inherited abnormality of red cell enzyme function
b - clonal proliferation of platelet precursors (megakaryocytes) in the BM
c - BM infiltration by primitive myeloid precursors
d - immune cell suppression of marrow stem cells
e - constitutively activated tyrosine kinase
f - failure of b12 absorption
g - genetic mutation of Hb genes
h - AB mediated immune destruction of red cells by spleen
i - genetic mutation in red cell membrane synthesis
j - drug induced haemolysis
k - AB mediated immune destruction of platelets by spleen
l - reduced erythriod maturation due to lack of epo
m - cytokine mediated BM suppression
n - ineffective utilisation of iron

A

k - AB mediated immune destruction of platelets by spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

select the most appropriate disease mechanism for the clinical condition:
* hereditary spherocytosis
a - inherited abnormality of red cell enzyme function
b - clonal proliferation of platelet precursors (megakaryocytes) in the BM
c - BM infiltration by primitive myeloid precursors
d - immune cell suppression of marrow stem cells
e - constitutively activated tyrosine kinase
f - failure of b12 absorption
g - genetic mutation of Hb genes
h - AB mediated immune destruction of red cells by spleen
i - genetic mutation in red cell membrane synthesis
j - drug induced haemolysis
k - AB mediated immune destruction of platelets by spleen
l - reduced erythriod maturation due to lack of epo
m - cytokine mediated BM suppression
n - ineffective utilisation of iron

A

i - genetic mutation in red cell membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

select the most appropriate disease mechanism for the clinical condition:
* aplastic anaemia
a - inherited abnormality of red cell enzyme function
b - clonal proliferation of platelet precursors (megakaryocytes) in the BM
c - BM infiltration by primitive myeloid precursors
d - immune cell suppression of marrow stem cells
e - constitutively activated tyrosine kinase
f - failure of b12 absorption
g - genetic mutation of Hb genes
h - AB mediated immune destruction of red cells by spleen
i - genetic mutation in red cell membrane synthesis
j - drug induced haemolysis
k - AB mediated immune destruction of platelets by spleen
l - reduced erythriod maturation due to lack of epo
m - cytokine mediated BM suppression
n - ineffective utilisation of iron

A

d - immune suppression of marrow stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

select the most appropriate disease mechanism for the clinical condition:
* anaemia of chronic renal failure
a - inherited abnormality of red cell enzyme function
b - clonal proliferation of platelet precursors (megakaryocytes) in the BM
c - BM infiltration by primitive myeloid precursors
d - immune cell suppression of marrow stem cells
e - constitutively activated tyrosine kinase
f - failure of b12 absorption
g - genetic mutation of Hb genes
h - AB mediated immune destruction of red cells by spleen
i - genetic mutation in red cell membrane synthesis
j - drug induced haemolysis
k - AB mediated immune destruction of platelets by spleen
l - reduced erythriod maturation due to lack of epo
m - cytokine mediated BM suppression
n - ineffective utilisation of iron

A

l - reduced epo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

select the most appropriate disease mechanism for the clinical condition:
* thalassaemia
a - inherited abnormality of red cell enzyme function
b - clonal proliferation of platelet precursors (megakaryocytes) in the BM
c - BM infiltration by primitive myeloid precursors
d - immune cell suppression of marrow stem cells
e - constitutively activated tyrosine kinase
f - failure of b12 absorption
g - genetic mutation of Hb genes
h - AB mediated immune destruction of red cells by spleen
i - genetic mutation in red cell membrane synthesis
j - drug induced haemolysis
k - AB mediated immune destruction of platelets by spleen
l - reduced erythriod maturation due to lack of epo
m - cytokine mediated BM suppression
n - ineffective utilisation of iron

A

g - genetic mutation of Hb genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q 
for the following examples of bleeding, select the most appropriate disease mechanism or pathology
* mucosal bleeding - epistaxis, buccul blood blisters - and peripheral petichial rash
a - aspirin therapy
b - over active platelets
c - haemophilia
d - vWB disease
e - reduced coag factors or function
f - deficiency of vit K
g - high INR secondary to warfarin
h - factor V Leidin deficiency
i - consumption coagulopathy secondary to sepsis (DIC)
j - therapeutic heparin infusion for ACS
k - reduced platelet numbers or fuction
l - antiphospholipid syndrome
m - protein malnutrition
n - eherlers danlos syndrome
A

k - reduced platelet number or function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q 
for the following examples of bleeding, select the most appropriate disease mechanism or pathology
* deep muscle haematoma developing over 24hrs post trauma
a - aspirin therapy
b - over active platelets
c - haemophilia
d - vWB disease
e - reduced coag factors or function
f - deficiency of vit K
g - high INR secondary to warfarin
h - factor V Leidin deficiency
i - consumption coagulopathy secondary to sepsis (DIC)
j - therapeutic heparin infusion for ACS
k - reduced platelet numbers or fuction
l - antiphospholipid syndrome
m - protein malnutrition
n - eherlers danlos syndrome
A

c - haemophilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q 
for the following examples of bleeding, select the most appropriate disease mechanism or pathology
* generalised oozing from venepuncture sites and wound edges following surgery for ruptured bowel
a - aspirin therapy
b - over active platelets
c - haemophilia
d - vWB disease
e - reduced coag factors or function
f - deficiency of vit K
g - high INR secondary to warfarin
h - factor V Leidin deficiency
i - consumption coagulopathy secondary to sepsis (DIC)
j - therapeutic heparin infusion for ACS
k - reduced platelet numbers or fuction
l - antiphospholipid syndrome
m - protein malnutrition
n - eherlers danlos syndrome
A

i - consumption of coagulopathy secondary to sepsis (DIC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q 
for the following examples of bleeding, select the most appropriate disease mechanism or pathology
* intracerebral bleed in elderly patient with AF
a - aspirin therapy
b - over active platelets
c - haemophilia
d - vWB disease
e - reduced coag factors or function
f - deficiency of vit K
g - high INR secondary to warfarin
h - factor V Leidin deficiency
i - consumption coagulopathy secondary to sepsis (DIC)
j - therapeutic heparin infusion for ACS
k - reduced platelet numbers or fuction
l - antiphospholipid syndrome
m - protein malnutrition
n - eherlers danlos syndrome
A

g - high INR secondary to warfarin therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q 
for the following examples of bleeding, select the most appropriate disease mechanism or pathology
* bruising and severe GI bleed in a jaundiced patient 
a - aspirin therapy
b - over active platelets
c - haemophilia
d - vWB disease
e - reduced coag factors or function
f - deficiency of vit K
g - high INR secondary to warfarin
h - factor V Leidin deficiency
i - consumption coagulopathy secondary to sepsis (DIC)
j - therapeutic heparin infusion for ACS
k - reduced platelet numbers or fuction
l - antiphospholipid syndrome
m - protein malnutrition
n - eherlers danlos syndrome
A

e - reduced coagulation factors or function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

select the most appropriate description of underlying disease mechanism for the following haematological condition:
* anaemia of chronic disease
a - AI suppression of BM stem cells
b - infiltration of BM
c - cytokine induced suppression of marrow function
d - immune destruction by the spleen
e - infiltration of colonal proliferation of mature cells
f - lack of B12
g - deficiency of iron
h - progressive RBC division due to inability to achieve optimum Hb conc
i - lack of erythropoietin
j - genetic abnormality of Hb genes
k - colonal abnormality of stem cells
l - genetic mutation causing constitutively activated tyrosine kinase mediated clonal proliferation and reduced apoptosis
m - genetic abnormality of RBC membrane proteins
n- infiltration by clonal proliferation of primitive cells

A

c - cytokine induced suppression of marrow function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is a normal Hb level for M and F?

A

M

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what controls RBC differentiation?

A

EPO

growth factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what controls differentiation of WBCs?

A

GCSF
GMSF
BM stroma cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what would chronic renal disease do to EPO and RBCs?

A

dec EPO

normocytic anaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what would chronic anaemia do to EPO and RBCs?

A

inc EPO

microcytic anaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what causes frontal bossing and in which disease would you see it in?

A
  • fatty deposits in BM

- thalassaemia paeds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

why does chronic disease cause anaemia?

A

shortens RBC life cycle- cytokines from prolonged inflammation interfere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what are the 3 haemantics?

A

iron
vit b12
folate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what type of anaemia would you get with iron deficiency?

A

microcytic hypochromic

30
Q

what type of anaemia would you get with vit b12/folate deficiency?

A

macrocytic megaloblastic

31
Q

what are the signs of pernicious anaemia?

A

vitileigo
lemon yellow tinge
glossitis

32
Q

what happens in pernicious anaemia?

A

IgG autoABs target parietal cells and IF

dec b12 absorption in distal ileum as no IF

33
Q

what kind of anaemia would you get if you had a problem with one of the 4 proteins in the RBC membrane?

A

haemolytic anaemia

34
Q

which disease is this - dec synthesis of either alpha of beta globin chains

A

thalassaemia

35
Q

which disease is this - inheritance of 2 abnormal beta chain genes

A

sickle cell

36
Q

what type of anaemia is thalassaemia?

A

microcytic hypochromic

37
Q

how would you manage thalassaemia?

A

blood transfusions

iron chelators

38
Q

how would you manage sickle cell anaemia?

A

analgesia
fluids
ABx

39
Q

define haemolysis?

A

any process that shortens the life cycle of the RBC

40
Q

what will be high in haemolytic anaemia of FBC?

A

reticulocytes

41
Q

which molecule helps offload O2 into tissues?

A

2,3DPG

42
Q

what is the difference between HbF and Hb adult?

A

HbF = 2alpha and 2gamma

Hb adult = 2alpha 2beta

43
Q

what would shift the O2 dissociation curve left, increasing its affinity for O2?

A

dec CO2 and 2,3DPG

inc pH

44
Q

what would shift the O2 dissociation curve to the right, decreasing the affinity for O2?

A

inc CO2 and 2,3DPG

dec pH

45
Q

which enzyme breaks down RBCs?

A

lactic acid dehydrogenase

46
Q

what might the pulse feel like in someone with anaemia?

A

bounding

47
Q

WRT anaemia - what would cause glossitis?

A

B12/folate def

48
Q

WRT anaemia - what would cause angular stomitis?

A

B12/folate def

49
Q

WRT anaemia - what would cause dysphagia?

A

B12 deficiency

50
Q

WRT anaemia - what would cause kiolonychia?

A

iron deficiency

51
Q

if the RBC distribution width was high, what would this indicate?

A

inc reticulocytes - most common cause

52
Q

which type of anaemia is not caused by a problem with DNA synthesis?

A

microcytic

53
Q

what are some of the possible causes of microcytic anaemia?

A

iron deficiency
thalassaemia
sickle cell
chronic disease

54
Q

what is the problem in normocytic anaemia?

A

dec in production of RBCs

55
Q

what could cause normocytic anaemia?

A 
chronic disease
aplastic anaemia
haemolysis
pregnancy
fluid overload
56
Q

what causes RBCs to become macrocytic?

A

dec life length

57
Q

what could cause macrocytic anaemia?

A 
B12/folate def
alcohol
liver disease
hypothyroid
hypoxia
cytotoxic drugs
pregnancy
58
Q

what are the 4 categories of causes of haemolysis?

A

1 - immune
2 - hypersplenism
3 - microangiopathic
4 - infections

59
Q

which microangiopathic disorders could cause haemolysis?

A

TTP

HUS

60
Q

which test would you use for testing AI haemolysis?

A

coombe’s test

61
Q

who might you see functional hyposplenism in?

A

HbSS

coeliacs

62
Q

what could cause hydrops fetalis?

A

2nd baby and no anti-d

thalassaemias

63
Q

what could casue aplastic anaemia?

A

AI
post-viral
CTx/RTx

64
Q

when might you see splenomegaly and frontal bossing?

A

thalassaemias

65
Q

when might you see ‘hair on end’ on and MRI?

A

thalassaemias

66
Q

what disease might it be if you see jaundice, pallor and infected LNs?

A

sickle cell crisis

67
Q

which haemoglobinopathy might you see short fingers in and why?

A

sickle cell - dactlyitis in infancy

68
Q

which anaemia might you see bony crisis, stroke, tissue infarction and AVN in?

A

sickle cell

69
Q

WRT FFP - who can have what?

A

O can have O, A, B or AB
A can have A or AB
B can have B or AB
AB can have AB

so the opposite to RBCs

70
Q

WRT blood - who can have what?

A

O can only have O
A can have O, A
B can have O and B
AB can have O, A, B and AB

DISEASE - endocrine and haem (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions