Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IMD > anaemia > Flashcards

anaemia Flashcards

1
Q

where is blood made

A

yolk sac (6 weeks)
skeleton till birth and after
axial skeleton with age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

haemotopoietic stem cells produce

A

erythroid, leukocytes and megakaryocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

haemotopoietic stem cells differentiation

A

myeloid and lymphoid progenitor cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

haemotopoietic stem cells can do

A

differentiation and self renewal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

G-CSF

A

granulocyte colony stimulating factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

M-CSF

A

macrophage colony stimulating factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

GM-CSF

A

granulocyte/macrophage stimulating factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

IL-3

A

interleukin 3, regulates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

erythropoietin

A

stimulates RBC production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

thrombopoietin

A

regulates production of platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

leukopoiesis 2 categories

A

granulopoiesis and lymphopoiesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

granulopoiesis

A

granulocytes in the marrow, innate immunity and phagocytosis. mostly produces neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

lymphopoiesis

A

B and T cells and natural killer cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

megakaryopoiesis

A

multiple lobes of nuclei within bone marrow

produce platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

platelet formation in megakaryocytes

A

platelets bud off from granular cytoplasm and released into circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

reticulocytes in differentiation

A

first stage of differentiation in the blood, second to last stage overall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

reticulocyte characteristics

A

no nucleus, RNA tangles
not as red
only last a few days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

erthyrocyte

A

final stage of differentiation, biconcave disc, red, 120 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

heme production

A

in mitochondria and cytoplasm of erythrocyte precursors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

adult globin

A

most Hb A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A1c globin

A

has glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

EPO synthesis

A

in the juxtaglomerular epithelium in the kidney, some in liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

EPO release

A

kidneys detect oxygen saturations and increases EPO if low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

ferritin

A

stored iron in macrophages

25
Q

iron absorption

A

dietary, absorbed through duodenal enterocytes

26
Q

iron transportation

A

in the plasma bound to transferrin

27
Q

ferroportin

A

export protein that releases iron into transferrin

28
Q

hepcidin

A

iron regulating hormone made in liver

hepcidin inhibits iron export

29
Q

increased hepcidin`

A

decreased ferroportin= less iron export

30
Q

B12 in differentiation

A

first step, stem cell into specialisation

31
Q

B12 in mitosis

A

aids in DNA synthesis but not RNA

32
Q

B12 absorption

A

in the stomach and required intrinsic factor

33
Q

anaemia

A

decreased haemoglobin

34
Q

causes of anaemia

A

failure to produce

excess destruction

35
Q

ineffective erythropoiesis

A

progenitors destroyed from being abnormal

36
Q

insufficient erythropoiesis is from

A

lack of erythroid precursors from not producing enough, e.g. iron/b12 insufficient

37
Q

anaemia with chronic illness

A

iron is trapped, high ferritin but cannot be used

38
Q

causes of anaemia with chronic diseases

A

suppression of bone marrow function, cannot utilise iron/b12 to create and acceleration of RBC destruction

39
Q

chronic disease/inflammation cascade

A 
inflammatory stimulus
monocytes and T cells
cytokines
increased hepcitin
increased RBC phagocyotsis
40
Q

microcytic classification

A

MCV less than 80

41
Q

normocytic classification

A

MCV 80-100

42
Q

macrocytic classification

A

MCV over 100

43
Q

microcytic characteristics

A

small RBC, small haemoglobin rim

reticulocytes are normally low

44
Q

causes of microcytic anaemia

A

iron deficiency
thalassaemia
anaemia of chronic disease

45
Q

macrocytic anaemia characteristics

A

large cells

46
Q

causes of macrocytic anaemia

A

megaloblastic = B12 or folate

non megaloblastic = not

47
Q

normocytic anaemia

A

failure of production

48
Q

normocytic anaemia causes

A

lysis, lack of EPO, blood loss

49
Q

normocytic anaemia and reticulocytes

A

should be normal as there is no iron/b12 deficiency

50
Q

raised reticulocyte count

A

blood loss or haemolysis

51
Q

no reticulocyte count

A

bone marrow is not working, iron/b12 problem, no EPO

52
Q

anaemia symptoms

A

pale, fatigue, jaundice, abdominal swelling, red eyes, blood in stools/urine

53
Q

thalassemia

A

genetic condition affecting haemoglobin

54
Q

alpha thalassaemia

A

4 globin genes
1 alpha globin= severe
no alpha globin= not alive

55
Q

beta thalassaemia

A

2 globin genes
minor=1 globin
major= no globins

56
Q

beta thalassaemia major results

A

nucleated RBC, rapid destruction

57
Q

ethnic groups for thalassaemia

A

mediterranean, middle east, indian, south-east asian

58
Q

spheryocytes

A

RBC being broken down

IMD (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions