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ANACHEM Lab > anachemerut > Flashcards

anachemerut Flashcards

1
Q

Important tool in measuring mass of materials.

A

Laboratory balance

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2
Q

Different kinds of balances are used in the laboratory depending on the __________ and __________ on the equipment.

A

sensitivity; readability

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3
Q

The smallest weight that will produce a certain measurable response.

A

Sensitivity

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4
Q

The smallest discernible scale division and may or not be the sensitivity of the equipment.

A

Readability

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5
Q

Ability of the measuring device to produce a certain response to a certain numeric response or measurement that’s certain and will give the experimenter a good approximate of the amount of a certain material.

A

Sensitivity

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6
Q

We may have readable equipment but not sensitive enough.

A. True
B. False

A

True

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7
Q

Readability of the top-loading balance.

A

0.01 – 0.001 g

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8
Q

Laboratory balance that has a rough approximate.

A

Top-loading balance

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9
Q

It produces steady readings in wider environmental conditions.

A

Top-loading balance

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10
Q

It can be used in any type of weather systems or environmental conditions whether the temperature of the room is humid or a little bit cooler.

A

Top-loading balance

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11
Q

Doesn’t offer protection from air disturbances because it doesn’t have a draft shield.

A

Top-loading balance

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12
Q

Top-loading balance is accurate as the analytical balance.

A. True
B. False

A

False

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13
Q

Can only used for large measurements.

A

Top-loading balance

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14
Q

Capacity of the top-loading balance.

A

600 – 34,000 g

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15
Q

Top-loading balance is almost the same with an analytical balance.

A. True
B. False

A

True

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16
Q

In using a top-loading balance, keep it clean before and after use.

A. True
B. False

A

True

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17
Q

High sensitive instrument designed for accurate weight measurement.

A

Analytical balance

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18
Q

Readability of analytical balance.

A

0.1 – 0.01 mg

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19
Q

Extremely sensitive and measurements are affected by air currents.

A

Analytical balance

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20
Q

Analytical balance must be covered by a draft shield.

A. True
B. False

A

True

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21
Q

It is a plastic glass or cover that prevents air from interfering with measurements.

A

Draft shield

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22
Q

Top-loading balance is more sensitive and it is used for standard measurements.

A. True
B. False

A

False

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23
Q

Capacity of analytical balance

A

320 g

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24
Q

Samples beyond the capacity of analytical balance will yield inaccurate measurements.

A. True
B. False

A

True

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25
Q

We should take note of the maximum capacity of the analytical balance.

A. True
B. False

A

True

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26
Q

It is designed for heavier substances.

A

Analytical balance

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27
Q

The maximum capacity of the analytical balance varies among manufacturers.

A. True
B. False

A

True

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28
Q

It is fine to place the analytical balance on a wobbly table as long you can measure your sample.

A. True
B. False

A

False

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29
Q

An unbalanced or misaligned table will disrupt the accuracy of the measurement of an analytical balance.

A. True
B. False

A

True

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30
Q

Place the analytical balance near doorways or sources of strong wind currents.

A. True
B. False

A

False

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31
Q

Before using the analytical balance, you should always check the __________ if it is properly aligned in the middle of the circle for proper calibration.

A

Spirit bubble

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32
Q

Clean the analytical balance before and after use with a soft bristle brush.

A. True
B. False

A

True

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33
Q

The balance is placed on top of a stable counter table to avoid __________.

A

vibrations

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34
Q

Analytical balance should be placed in a room with a lot of air fluctuations.

A. True
B. False

A

False

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35
Q

By placing the analytical balance with a minimal air fluctuations, it will minimize errors during weighing.

A. True
B. False

A

True

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36
Q

Chemicals shouldn’t be placed directly on the pan because it’s subject to corrosion.

A. True
B. False

A

True

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37
Q

The balance is made of iron so it can easily be oxidized (rust).

A. True
B. False

A

True

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38
Q

You should use glassware such as weighing bottle or beaker to serve is container for chemicals to be weighed.

A. True
B. False

A

True

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39
Q

Weighing Paper: Used for small quantities
Weigh Boat: Used for large quantities

A. True
B. False

A

True

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40
Q

If something is spilled on the pan during weighing, clean it up as soon as possible.

A. True
B. False

A

True

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41
Q

Weigh objects or chemicals at room temperature.

A. True
B. False

A

True

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42
Q

Warm, hot objects, or chemicals can create convection air current, producing air fluctuations around the balance pan that can be difficult to obtain a stable reading. Thus, all materials that we’ll be measuring must be at room temperature.

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the first statement is true
D. Only the second statement is false

A

Both statements are true

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43
Q

The balances, especially for analytical balance, must be set at an operating temperature, especially after turning on the equipment.

A. True
B. False

A

True

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43
Q

The balances, especially for analytical balance, must be set at an operating temperature, especially after turning on the equipment.

A. True
B. False

A

True

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44
Q

Weigh only dry objects or chemicals because moisture can corrode the balance pan.

A. True
B. False

A

True

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45
Q

Approximate weight measurement should be on a top-loading balance while accurate weight measurement on an analytical balance.

A. True
B. False

A

True

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46
Q

Always use the same balance if it requires more than one weight measurement.

A. True
B. False

A

True

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47
Q

Most common type of measurements in the laboratory.

A

Volume measurements

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48
Q

Laboratory glasswares

A

Pipette
Burette
Graduated cylinder

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49
Q

Type of glassware refers to laboratory apparatus designed to deliver the specific volume at the calibration temperature.

A

To deliver

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50
Q

It always transfers the same exact volume between instruments.

A

To deliver

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51
Q

All TD-type glassware is calibrated in milliliters (mL).

A. True
B. False

A

True

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52
Q

In the burette, the zero mark is always on the top. On the other hand, the zero mark of the pipette is at the bottom.

A. True
B. False

A

True

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53
Q

Glasswares that contain exact volume but cannot transfer the same amount.

A

To contain

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54
Q

Zero (0) mark is usually on the top.

A

To deliver

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55
Q

Zero (0) mark is usually on the bottom.

A

To contain

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56
Q

Examples of TC glasswares.

A

Volumetric flask
Graduated cylinder

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57
Q

When aqueous solutions wet the wall of any TD-type glassware, it produces a __________.

A

Meniscus

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58
Q

A shallow curve on the surface of the liquid.

A

Meniscus

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59
Q

The bottom of the meniscus is the level of the solute.

A. True
B. False

A

False

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60
Q

To estimate the volume properly, the eye should be at the same level as the bottom of the meniscus to avoid parallax error.

A. True
B. False

A

True

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61
Q

In parallax error, reading above the eye level results to lower reading than the accurate volume measurement. While reading below the eye level will result to higher reading than the accurate volume measurement.

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the first statement is true
D. Only the second statement is true

A

Both statements are true

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62
Q

The meniscus formed by the aqueous solution can either be __________ or __________.

A

concave; convex

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63
Q

Meniscus produced by transparent or colorless liquids.

A

Concave

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64
Q

Meniscus produced by dark-colored solutions.

A

Convex

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65
Q

Do not attempt to reach the height of the measurement yourself like standing on a chair to reach eye level.

A. True
B. False

A

True

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66
Q

The final volume of the measured substance must include both certain and uncertain values.

A. True
B. False

A

True

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67
Q

In reading a graduated cylinder, if you need to reduce the amount of liquid, use a dropper or
a pipette.

A. True
B. False

A

True

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68
Q

Glassware used to accurately deliver.

A

TD glasswares

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69
Q

Glassware used to accurately deliver single volume of liquid.

A

Volumetric pipette

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70
Q

Glassware used to accurately deliver variable volume of liquid.

A

Measuring pipette

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71
Q

Unlike a graduated cylinder, the 0mL graduation mark is found almost at the __________ part of the pipette.

A

top

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72
Q

For the pipette (and even burette), the volume is read __________ the liquid has been dispensed.

A

after

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73
Q

Pipettes that have no graduations and delivers only specific amounts.

A

Volumetric

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74
Q

Pipettes that have graduations but until the tip.

A

Mohr

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75
Q

Pipettes that have graduation until the tip and is more accurate.

A

Serological

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76
Q

Pipettes that need a rubber aspirator to deliver all its contents and possesses a double bands on its end.

A

Blowout

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77
Q

The two arms of a burette clamp can accommodate two titration set-ups at a time.

A. True
B. False

A

True

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78
Q

Types of burette.

A

Mohr’s
Geissler’s

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79
Q

To fill up the burette with a solution, make sure that the stopcock is in a vertical manner.

A. True
B. False

A

False

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80
Q

Add a small amount of solution to be transferred and then rotate the burette horizontally to wet the interior completely.

A. True
B. False

A

True

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81
Q

Drain the liquid through the tip by opening the stopcock in a horizontal manner.

A. True
B. False

A

False

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82
Q

Fill the burette with the solution up to a level above the zero mark.

A. True
B. False

A

True

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83
Q

Free the tip from air bubbles by opening the stopcock, permitting the solution to pass through the tip.

A. True
B. False

A

True

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84
Q

If the solution is below the zero mark, add more
solutions using a beaker and you should note the initial volume reading.

A. True
B. False

A

False

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85
Q

Place the tip of the burette within the titration vessel which is usually a/an __________.

A

Erlenmeyer flask

86
Q

Always use a florence flask and beaker as the titration vessel.

A. True
B. False

A

False

87
Q

The tip of the burette should be a few inches above the receiving vessel.

A. True
B. False

A

True

88
Q

Deliver small amounts of solution into the vessel by slowly opening the stopcock.

A. True
B. False

A

True

89
Q

Swirl the vessel constantly to ensure completeness of the reaction between reactants.

A. True
B. False

A

True

90
Q

In performing titration, add the solution dropwise when the endpoint is near. This point can be observed when there is development of persistent color.

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the first statement is true
D. Only the second statement is false

A

Both statements are true

91
Q

In performing titration, one hand is opening the stopcock while the other hand of the experimenter is slowly swirling the solution in the Erlenmeyer flask.

A. True
B. False

A

True

92
Q

In performing titration, a colorful background can be used for easy visualization of the endpoint.

A. True
B. False

A

False

93
Q

If the reaction is judged to be complete, let the stopcock open and then take note of the final volume reading.

A. True
B. False

A

False

94
Q

The volume of solution delivered into the vessel is the product between the final and initial volume readings.

A. True
B. False

A

False

95
Q

A glassware used for dilution and preparation of solutions.

A

Volumetric flask

96
Q

A pear-shaped, flat-bottomed flask with a long, narrow neck that has an etched graduation mark.

A

Volumetric flask

97
Q

When a solution has filled up the flask up to the marking, this means it contains the volume as indicated on the label of the flask.

A. True
B. False

A

True

98
Q

The reason why the volumetric flask is a “To Contain” type glassware because it will contain a specified volume of liquid at a particular temperature.

A. True
B. False

A

True

99
Q

In preparing solutions using a volumetric flask, a weighed solid reagent is dissolved in a beaker with a minimum volume of solvent which usually __________.

A

water

100
Q

The solution is transferred into the volumetric flask, using a __________ to direct the flow of the liquid.

A

stirring rod

101
Q

Rinse both the stirring rod and the beaker with distilled water and transfer the washings to the volumetric flask and repeat this step at least two more times.

A. True
B. False

A

True

102
Q

Half-fill the volumetric flask with the solvent and swirl the contents.

A. True
B. False

A

True

103
Q

Add more solute to the volumetric flask until the level of the liquid almost reaches the mark.

A. True
B. False

A

False

104
Q

You may use a dropper for final additions of solvent.

A. True
B. False

A

True

105
Q

The bottom of the meniscus should be at the same level as the graduation mark.

A. True
B. False

A

True

106
Q

When the substance goes over the graduation mark, it is no longer usable and should be discarded to start over.

A. True
B. False

A

True

107
Q

You should cover the flask with a stopper.

A. True
B. False

A

True

108
Q

Perform multiple Inversions to make a homogenous solution.

A. True
B. False

A

True

109
Q

Transfer the contents into storage bottle.

A. True
B. False

A

True

110
Q

Rinse the reagent bottle with a small amount of the prepared solution, discard the rinsing, and transfer the solution into the bottle and cover and then label the bottle.

A. True
B. False

A

True

111
Q

Several tests should be made to prove the validity of data and is done through replicate analysis.

A. True
B. False

A

True

112
Q

Refers to the agree of a particular value with the real value.

A

Accuracy

113
Q

Refers to the degree of agreement among several measurements made in the same manner.

A

Precision

114
Q

It answers the question how close it is to the true value.

A

Accuracy

115
Q

It answers the question how close the values are to each other.

A

Precision

116
Q

Data can be precise and inaccurate or accurate but not precise.

A. True
B. False

A

True

117
Q

It is the estimated digit.

A

Uncertainty

118
Q

Measurement always has some degree of uncertainty.

A. True
B. False

A

True

119
Q

Which of the following are reasons for uncertainty?

A. Measurements are performed with instruments
B. No instrument can read to an infinite number of decimal places
C. Both of the choices
D. None of these

A

Both of the choice

120
Q

Higher sensitivity results to lower uncertainty.

A. True
B. False

A

True

121
Q

You can easily read the temperature on a thermometer to the nearest degree.

A. True
B. False

A

True

122
Q

You can also estimate the temperature to
about the nearest tenth degree by noting the closeness of the liquid inside to the calibrations.

A. True
B. False

A

True

123
Q

In 22.9 C, which is the certain measurement?

A

22

124
Q

In 22.9 C, which is the uncertain measurement?

A

0.9

125
Q

Includes all the digits that are known and a last digit that is estimated.

A

Significant figures

126
Q

Measurements must always be reported to the correct number of significant figures because calculated answers cannot be more precise than measured data.

A. True
B. False

A

True

127
Q

Every nonzero digit is significant.

A. True
B. False

A

True

128
Q

Rounding off constants are not taken into consideration when deciding the number of significant figures.

A. True
B. False

A

True

129
Q

A calculated answer cannot be more precise than the least precise measurement from which it was calculated. The calculated value must be rounded to make it consistent with the measurements which it was calculated based on the number of significant figures

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the first statement is true
D. Only the second statement is false

A

Both statements are true

130
Q

The answer to an addition or subtraction calculation should be rounded to the _____________________ as the measurement with the _____________________.

A

same number of decimal places; least number of decimal places

131
Q

In calculation multiplication and division, round the answer to the same number of significant figures as the measurements with the __________ number of significant figures

A

least

132
Q

Measurements unvaryingly involve errors and uncertainties that could be due to:

I. Mistake on the part of the experimenter
II. Inaccurate calibrations
III. Faulty standardizations
IV. Random variations in the results

A. I only
B. I and II only
C. I, II, and III only
D. All of these

A

All of these

133
Q

Measurements of uncertainties can never be eliminated.

A. True
B. False

A

True

134
Q

Data can only give an estimate of the “__________”.

A

true value

135
Q

Calculation of the probable magnitude of error is necessary to define limits of the true value.

A. True
B. False

A

True

136
Q

Data validity is confirmed through __________.

A

statistical analysis

137
Q

Data validity is confirmed through statistical analysis to:

A. Sharpen scientific judgement for data quality
B. Determine similarity or difference in the set of obtained data
C. Both of the choices
D. None of the above

A

Both of the choices

138
Q

The analytical results are free of errors and uncertainties.

A. True
B. False

A

False

139
Q

You can only minimize errors and estimate their size with acceptable accuracy.

A. True
B. False

A

True

140
Q

We can reduce errors to a number with acceptable accuracy.

A. True
B. False

A

True

141
Q

Use to judge the quality of experimental measurements are many.

A

Statistical calculations

142
Q

We can measure the amount of error present in our data and that will be the measure of how accurate and how precise our data and experiment procedures are.

A. True
B. False

A

True

143
Q

Measurements are always accompanied by uncertainty.

A. True
B. False

A

True

144
Q

The experimental value of a measurement is never known exactly or it’s hard to determine the exact measurement.

A. True
B. False

A

False

145
Q

Defines the limit within which the true value lies.

A

Probable magnitude of the error

146
Q

Data of unknown quality are worthless.

A. True
B. False

A

True

147
Q

Measurement of errors will be our indicator of data quality.

A. True
B. False

A

True

148
Q

The true value of a measurement is always known exactly.

A. True
B. False

A

False

149
Q

Error due to procedural/instrumental factors that cause a measurement to be consistently too large/small.

A

Determinate or Systemic Errors

150
Q

Errors that we can define/determine/measure, thus we can correct these errors.

A

Systemic errors

151
Q

Errors with a known source.

A

Systemic errors

152
Q

Type of error that’s always found in every experiment.

A

Systematic errors

153
Q

Affect measurements in one and only way, and can, in principle, be accounted for.

A

Systemic errors

154
Q

Key feature of systemic errors.

A

Reproducible

155
Q

The following are characteristics of systematic error except:

A. Consistent but can be detected and corrected.
B. Too high or too low values
C. May lead to bias in measurement techniques and affects accuracy
D. C only
E. All of the above

A

All of the above

156
Q

Types of systematic error

A

Instrumental errors
Method errors
Personal errors

157
Q

Caused by non-ideal instrument behavior, faulty calibrations or by use under inappropriate conditions.

A

Instrumental errors

158
Q

All of the following are example of instrumental errors except:

A. Imperfect Measuring Devices
B. Calibration issues
C. Inability to maintain operating abilities of equipment
D. Reaction rate

A

Reaction rate

159
Q

Errors from non-ideal chemical or physical behavior of analytical systems like instability of chemical species, slow reaction rate and etc.

A

Method errors

160
Q

Result from carelessness, inattention, or personal limitations of the experimenter.

A

Personal errors

161
Q

Which of the following are ways to detect systematic errors?

A. Analyze a known sample, such as a certified reference material
B. Use of blank samples
C. Use of different analytical methods to measure the same quantity
D. Round robin experiment
E. All of the above

A

All of the above

162
Q

Set of experimental samples.

A

Blank samples

163
Q

Doesn’t contain the analyte of interest.

A. Blank
B. Analyte

A

Blank

164
Q

Substance that is being investigated.

A. Blank
B. Analyte

A

Analyte

164
Q

The Blank samples could contain reagents or diluents that may act as interferences in the experiment

A. True
B. False

A

True

165
Q

The phrase used to collectively call analytical techniques that measure the quality and quantity of a sample/experimental procedure based on the standard operating procedures (SOP).

A

Golden standard

166
Q

Some golden standard procedures are preferred in certain experiments that will give us high yield of highly accurate and precise data.

A. True
B. False

A

True

167
Q

In __________ experiment, make sure that you duplicate or replicate the experiment. Repeat the experiment as many times as possible or for at least 3 times.

A

Round robin experiment

168
Q

Reproducible experiment is a good indicator of quality data.

A. True
B. False

A

True

169
Q

Which of the following is/are ways to minimize and correct systematic errors?

A. Proper training
B. Practice regular maintenance of equipment and calibration
C. Well-kept of notebook to note unusual trends and identify the source of errors.
D. None of these
E. All of the above

A

All of the above

170
Q

Uncertainties resulting from the operation of small uncontrolled variables that are inevitable as measurement systems are extended to and beyond their limits.

A

Random or Intermediate Error

171
Q

Errors that affect precision

A

Intermediate error

172
Q

Type of error, which can be either positive/negative and cannot be eliminated, based on the ultimate limitations on a physical measurement.

A

Intermediate error

173
Q

Hard to determine the source of error, and at most, they can’t be measured.

A

Intermediate error

174
Q

Occasional error that may cause results in the occurrence of a questionable outlier.

A

Gross error

175
Q

Occasional result in replicate measurements
that differs significantly from the rest of the results.

A

Outlier

176
Q

Test used to detect outlier.

A

Q-Test

177
Q

Rejection Quotient that determines whether a suspected outlier should be accepted or rejected.

A

Q-Test

178
Q

Outliers can be also detected by the use of Grubbs Test.

A. True
B. False

A

True

179
Q

Central or average value

A

Mean

180
Q

The most representative value for a set of
measurements or data.

A

Mean

181
Q

Middle value in data set that is arranged in numerical order.

A

Median

182
Q

Advantageous for data with outlier.

A

Median

183
Q

Most frequently occurring number in a data set.

A

Mode

184
Q

Gives a rough idea on how widely spread out the most extreme observations are.

A

Range

185
Q

The difference between the largest (HV) and smallest value (LV) in the data set.

A

Range

186
Q

A measure of data variability/ dispersion around the mean of a sample of population.

A

Sample standard deviation

187
Q

The smaller the standard deviation, the more closely the data are clustered about the mean.

A. True
B. False

A

True

188
Q

Indicates how the mean varies with different experiments measuring the same quantity.

A

Standard Error of the Mean

189
Q

A precision estimate consisting the square of the standard deviation.

A

Variance

190
Q

Explains data that it is tightly clustered around the mean.

A

Relative standard deviation

191
Q

Also known as % RSD

A

Coefficient of Variation

192
Q

Difference between the measured value and the true value.

A

Absolute error

193
Q

Measure of the uncertainty of measurement compared to the size of the measurement.

A

Relative error

194
Q

Percentage of error between the measured value against the true value.

A

Percent error

195
Q

Also known as Dixon’s Q-test

A

Q-test

196
Q

Widely used statistical test for deciding whether a suspected result should be retained or rejected.

A

Q-test

197
Q

Q > Qcrit

A. Reject
B. Retain

A

Reject

198
Q

In most quantitative analyses, the true
value of the population mean μ cannot be determined because a huge number of measurements (approaching infinity) would be required.

A

Confidence limit

199
Q

The range of values within which the population mean μ is expected to lie within a certain probability.

A

Confidence intervals

200
Q

Boundaries of the confidence interval.

A

Confidence limits

201
Q

Probability that the true mean lies within
the certain interval.

A

Confidence level

202
Q

Probability that the result is outside the confidence interval.

A

Significance level

203
Q

Statistical tests to compare individual or sets of values for significant differences.

A

Significance testing

204
Q

Designed to indicate whether there is a significant difference between two methods based on their SD.

A

F-Test

205
Q

It is assumed that both data set have essentially the same SD which is first verified by F-test.

A

T-test

206
Q

Property of a mathematical relationship or
function which means that it can be graphically represented as a straight line.

A

Linearity

207
Q

A way to model a relationship between two sets of variables.

A

Linear Regression Analysis

208
Q

A linear approach to modelling the relationship between a scalar response (or dependent
variable) and one/more explanatory variables (or
independent variables).

A

Linear Regression

209
Q

Independent variable : concentration

A

X-axis

210
Q

Dependent variable : absorbance

A

Y-axis

211
Q

A measure of how close the line fits the points that you found in your experiment.

A

Coefficient of Determination

ANACHEM Lab (3 decks)

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