ANACHEM LEC Flashcards
branch of chemistry that is involved with the analysis of chemical substances
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
measurement science consisting of a set of powerful ideas and methods that are useful in all fields of science and medicine
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Used to detect the presence in a sample, “what is present?’
Qualitative Analysis
Used to measure how much of that substance is present in the sample
Quantitative Analysis
Also known as wet chemical methods, earliest method of analysis, relied mainly on the chemical properties of analytes
CLASSICAL METHODS
Titration
CLASSICAL METHOD
THESE ARE EXAMPLES OF WHAT ANALYTICAL METHOD
- Separation of analytes by precipitation, extraction, or distillation
- Qualitative analysis by reaction of analytes with reagents that yielded products that could be recognized by their colors, boiling or melting
points, solubilities, optical activities, or refractive indexes - Quantitative analysis by gravimetric or titrimetric techniques
CLASSICAL METHODS
USE OF A CERTAIN DEVICE, INSTRUMENT, OR MACHINE
INSTRUMENTAL METHODS
RELY ON THE MEASUREMENT OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
INSTRUMENTAL METHODS
LIGHT ABSORPTION: HOW MUCH LIGHT YOUR SAMPLE CAN ABSORB
SPECTROPHOTOMETER
FLUORESCENCE: HOW MUCH YOUR SAMPLE CAN EMIT LIGHT
FLUOROMETER
THIN LAYER, PAPER, AND COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY
CLASSICAL METHODS
HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
INSTRUMENTAL METHODS
USED CATHOD AND ANODES TO ANALYNZE DNA
SDS PAGE
BEER LAMBERT’S LAW
HIGH CONCENTRATION = HIGH ABSOBENT
DETERMINE THE MASS OF THE ANALYTE OR SOME COMPOUND CHEMICALLY REALATED
GRAVIMETRIC METHODS
KNOWN AS VOLUMETRIC METHOD, DETERMINES THE VOLUME
TITRIMETRIC METHODS
KNOWN AS VOLUMETRIC METHOD, DETERMINES THE VOLUME
TITRIMETRIC METHODS
KNOWN CONCENTRATION INSIDE THE BURETTE
TITRANT
FOUND INSIDE THE ERLENMEYER FLASK
ANALAYTE/TITRAND
CONCENTRATION IS EQUAL
EQUIVALENCE POINT
MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
ELECTROANALYTICAL METHODS
MEASUREMENT OF INTERACTION BETWEEN EMR AND ANALYTE ATOMS OR MOLECULES
SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS
process of collecting a small mass of material whose composition accurately represents the bulk of the material being sampled
SAMPLING
SPECIES OTHER THAN THE ANALYTE THAT AFFECT THE FINAL MEASUREMENT
INTERFERENCE
ELIMINATION OF AN INTERFERENCE BY CONVERTINGF IT TO NON-INTERFERING FORM
MASKING
REMOVE INTERFERENCE ENTIRELY
PURIFICATION
DETERMINE THE AMOUNT OF EACH COMPONENT IN THE SAMPLE
COMPLETE ANALYSIS
AMOUNT OF EACH ELEMENT PRESENT WITHOUT REGARD TO ACTUAL COMPOSITION (ATOMIC LEVEL)
ULTIMATE ANALYSIS
DETERMINING ONE/LIMITED NUMBER OF SPECIES IN A SAMPLE
PARTIAL ANALYSIS
DO IT THREE TIMES
TRIPLICATE
cannot distinguish anymore what is solute and what is a solvent
HOMOGENOUS
SUBSTANCE DISSOLVED
SOLUTE
SUBSTANCE WHERE SOLUTE IS DISSOLVED
SOLVENT
Containslessthanthemaximumamountofa solute that can be dissolved at equilibrium at a given temperature
UNSATURATED
The solvent contains the maximum amount of a solute that can be dissolved at equilibrium at a given temperature
SATURATED
Contains more than the equilibrium amount of a solute that can be dissolved
SUPERSATURATED
Concentration in terms of the equivalent of one chemical species reacting stoichiometrically with another chemical species
NORMALITY
Any property of a solution that depends on the number of solute particles
COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES
Refers to the pressure exerted by vapor on the surface the liquid (result of evaporation of liquid)
VAPOR PRESSURE
If solute is nonvolatile, the vapor pressure of the solution is always less than of the pure solvent
RAOLT’S LAW
It is a selective passage of solvent molecules through a porous membrane from a dilute solution to a more concentrated one
OSMOSIS
Movement of molecules in semi-permeable membrane for low concentration to higher concentration
OSMOSUS
