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An Outline of Psychoanalysis (Sigmund Freud) Flashcards

1
Q

What are basic assumptions of psychoanalysis?

A

The psyche is composed of 1) the brain and 2) consciousness

And consciousness is not related to the brain

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2
Q

Describe the ‘Id’

A

The oldest of the 3 structures in the topographical model.

Instincts present at birth and fixed.

Unrelated to the external world.

No concerns about self-preservation

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3
Q

Describe the ‘Ego’

A

A development of the id by interaction with the external world

Has functions regarding both internal and external events

Satisfies superego, id, and reality

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4
Q

What 3 things does the ego make sure to satisfy?

A

Simultaneously satisfy id, superego, and reality

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5
Q

Describe the ‘Super-ego’

A

Developed within the ego

A prolonged parental influence

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6
Q

1 thing in common between id and super-ego

A

They both represent influences by the past (id: heredity)

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7
Q

What does Freud call the ‘id, ego, superego’ structure in chapter 1?

A

The Psychical Apparatus

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8
Q

Which structure in the psychical apparatus strives to keep itself alive and protect itself from dangers caused by anxiety?

A

The ego

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9
Q

Main function of super-ego

A

Limit satisfactions

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10
Q

2 basic instincts of the id

A

Eros (libido), death instinct

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11
Q

Primary narcissism

A

The libido being direct towards one’s own body

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12
Q

What has somatic sources and streams into the ego?

A

The libido

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13
Q

Erotogenic zones

A

Prominent parts of the body where the libido arises

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14
Q

How does Freud’s view of sexual development develop from convention?

A

That sexual impulses come way before puberty.

That it is possible to have sexual desires unrelated to sexual organs

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15
Q

Explain Freud’s description of the diphasic nature of sexual development

A

Sexual development till around 5, then a period of latency, then resumed during puberty

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16
Q

Infantile amnesia

A

The inability of human adults to remember episodic experiences during the first few years of life

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17
Q

First organ of erotogenic zone and why it’s considered an erotogenic zone

A

Mouth. The sucking is not only for nourishment and self-preservation, but also for satisfaction

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18
Q

When do sadistic impulses begin?

A

In the oral phase

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19
Q

2nd phase of sexual development

A

Sadistic-anal phase
Pleasure in the anal area

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20
Q

3rd phase of sexual development

A

Phallic phase
Male genitals but not female genitals.

Oedipus complex for boys
Girls realize their lack of penis and turns away from sexual life

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21
Q

4th phase of sexual development

A

Genital phase

During puberty. Some tendencies suppressed or repressed

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22
Q

Freud on homosexuality

A

Inhibitions result in homosexuality

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23
Q

What does Freud refer to as the fact of consciousness?

A

That there exists conscience that cannot be defined well but is known to exist through personal experience

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24
Q

2nd fundamental hypothesis

A

The unconscious is a mental thing and is included in the realm of psychological thought

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25
Q

Categorical division within the unconscious

A

Preconscious: Things that can be brought into consciousness easily. No effort needed. (ego)

Unconscious: No easy access to consciousness and must be interpreted to enter consciousness. Requires effort. (id)

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26
Q

Why do dreams form?

A

Resistance is lowered.

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27
Q

Primary vs. Secondary processes

A

Primary process: The unconscious or id regulating events
Secondary process: The preconscious or ego regulating events

28
Q

Assumption behind dream interpretation

A

The content of a dream is just a facade behind a true process

29
Q

Why are dreams distorted? (dream-distortion)

A

Unconscious material forces itself into the preconscious, then goes through modifications. The id is allowed a harmless degree of liberty

30
Q

Which part of topographic model is responsible for dreams?

A

Can be id or ego;
Id: Unconscious instinctual impulse

Ego: Preconscious chain of thought

31
Q

Evidence for dream formation by the unconscious

A

The dreamer has access to inaccessible memories.

There’s unlimited linguistic symbols in dreams and much of it is unknown to the dreamer. Just like earlier development of speech.

There’s reproduction of early childhood memories that have become unconscious (?)

32
Q

Dream-work is _____ using ______ thought-processes

A

Unconscious; Preconscious

33
Q

Condensation (dream theory)

A

Manifest dream is a number of latent dream-thoughts

34
Q

Discplacement in dreams

A

An element that is important in dream-thoughts is not clear in the manifest dream

35
Q

Do laws of logic govern the unconscious?

A

No

36
Q

How do psychoanalysts find out the right dream interpretation?

A

Sometimes can’t have certain conclusion. Try to use associates to bring to light links.

37
Q

If dreams are to satisfy desires, why are there painful content in dreams?

A

Sometimes what the id wants is anxiety for the ego. The least distortion of dreams. (ego does the distorting.)

38
Q

What is the goal of the analytical physican?

A

To help the ego regain its mastery. (id or superego too strong)

39
Q

What do psychoanalysts try to find in patient?

A

Find the ego’s knowledge of the unconscious. Even if seemingly unimportant or meaningless, or disagreeable

40
Q

What’s the problem with trying to get unconscious knowledge?

A

Ego is not willing to give up that material

41
Q

Transference

A

The projection of feelings onto analyst. Important for acting out rather than reporting history

42
Q

Danger of transference:

A

Hating or falling in love with the analyst.

43
Q

Sources of material to gain knowledge of unconscious

A

Free associations, transferences, dreams, slips

44
Q

Parapraxes

A

Freudian slips (does not have to be speech)

45
Q

Repression-resistance

A

The ego still not willing to give up resisting (even when wanting to do free association, for ex.)

46
Q

When did Freud believe neuroses are acquired?

A

Only during childhood. Symptoms appear much later

47
Q

What are neuroses according to analytic view?

A

Disorders of the ego.

Either: 1) satisfactions of sexual impulse or 2) measures to prevent satisfactions of sexual impulse

48
Q

Where Oedipus complex is from

A

Greek myth of King Oedipus. Killed father, married mother unknowingly

49
Q

First seducer of child

A

Mother because of her care. Becomes a prototype in future.

50
Q

Castration Complex

A

The most traumatic part of youthful existence.

For boys, afraid of being castrated by father.
For girls, reaction to not having a penis

51
Q

Freud most proud of which finding in psychoanalysis?

A

Oedipus complex

52
Q

In extreme cases, girl wanting to grow into boy would result in what?

A

Homosexuality

53
Q

Consequences of girl hating mother and why girl might hate mother

A

For birthing her without a penis. Love-object becomes the father.

54
Q

Differences between males and females for consequences of castration complex

A

It drives males to the end of the Oedipus complex. It drives females to the start of their Oedipus (Electra) complex.

55
Q

Freud’s difference between psychology and physics

A

Psychology might not always be concerned with scientific interests

56
Q

Why Freud might believe id cannot be scientifically measured

A

Id has its own world. Not connected to the external world.

57
Q

Reality-testing function of ego

A

Asks: is the satisfaction dangerous?

58
Q

Fight of ego

A

between internal demands and external dangers

59
Q

When is psychosis present?

A

If the relative strength of the id is stronger than the ego

60
Q

How does fetishism result?

A

Men not recognizing that women have no penis and reject their lack of genitals. This results in grasping to another part of the body instead.

61
Q

Split of the ego

A

Recognizing but denying a woman’s lack of penis.

62
Q

How much of unconscious processes are known to the conscious mind?

A

very little.

63
Q

Super-ego and relationship to parent

A

Super-ego is like the ego’s parent. Takes place of the parent and threatens punishments.

64
Q

When does the super-ego arise?

A

After the Oedipus complex has been disposed of

65
Q

How does the start of super-ego relate to the hero myth of Oedipus?

A

In the myth, the hero punished himself. The super-ego has that same concept.

66
Q

What is the super-ego the mediator between? What does it unite?

A

The id and the external world. Unites the past and the present.

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