an introduction to the human body Flashcards
which system includes the skin, hair and nails
integumentary system
which system protects,maintains body tempurature, rids the body of waste by sweating and vitamin D synthesis
integumentary system
which system includes the bones, joints and cartilage
the skeletal system
which system function is to support, protect, for muscle attachment, aides in body movement, produces cell through hemopoesis and stores minerals
the skeletal system
which system includes the muscles
the muscular system
which systems function is responsible for movement, heat production and maintaining posture
the muscular system
which system includes the spinal cord, nerves and the brain
the nervous system
which systems function includes sensory input, monitoring of the sensory input and motor out put
the nervous system
which system includes the glands
the endocrine system
which systems function is responsible for metabolism, production of hormones
endocrine system
the sum of all chemical reactions in the body is
metabolism
true or false; hormones produce hormones to maintain metabolism
true
which system includes the heart, veins, arteries and the blood
circulatory system
which systems function is to pump blood ( nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, solid and liquid waste)
circulatory system
which system includes the stomach, large and small intestine, oral cavity, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, rectum and anus
digestive system
which systems function is to breakdown food, absorption of nutrients and eliminates waste
digestive system
which system includes the kidneys, bladder, ureters, urethra
the urinary system
which systems function is to eliminate liquid waste, maintain water and electrolyte balance, production of EPO (eyrthro protein)
the urinary system
which system includes the lymph fluid, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen and tonsils
the lymphatic system
which systems function is to return protein and fluid to the blood, balances fluids in the tissues, carries lipids for the gi tract to the blood and defense from ca cells
the lymphatic system
which system includes the lungs, bronchial tubes, pharynx, larynx and trache
the respiratory system
which systems function is to exhale co2 and h2o, helps with h2o balance, helps with electrolyte balance
the respiratory system
which system includes the ovaries, testicles, uterus and vagina
the reproductive system
which systems function is to reproduce and develop secondary characteristics?
the reproductive system
name the changing dynamic process that maintains normal equilibrium despite what is happening in the environment
homeostasis
what is the primary body systems that are responsible for homeostatsis
the nervous and endocrine systems
name one phase of metabolism that breaks down complex substances into simpler ones
catabolism
name the phase of metabolism that builds up complex chemical substances from smaller ones
anabolism
name the six most important life processes that occur in the body
metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation and reproduction
a feed back system includes three basic components
a receptor, a control center and an effector
when the body works to reduce the stimulus or the effects of the stimulus this is called a
negative feedback system
when the stimulus is reinforced or strengthened the change in the body is a
positive feedback system
toward the head is
superior
away from the head
inferior
the front of the body
anterior
the back of the body
posterior
nearer the midline
medial
away from the midline
lateral
between two structures( in the middle)
intermediate
on the same side of the body
ipsilateral
on the opposite side of the body
contralateral
nearer to the attachment of the limb to the trunk
proximal
farther away from the attachment of the limb to the trunk
distal
toward the surface of the body
superficial
away from the surface of the body
deep
separates the body into superior and inferior planes
transverse plane
separates the body into equal right and left portions
midsagittal plane
separates the body into unequal right and left portions
parasagittal plane
separates the body into front and back portions
coronal or frontal plane
separates the body into an angle
oblique plane
which quadrant is the gallbladder located?
RUQ
which quadrant is the stomach located?
LUQ
which quadrant is the appendix located?
RLQ
true or false: the cranial cavity contains the brain?
true
the pleural and pericardial cavities and the mediastinum is located in which cavity
thoracic cavity
the cavity that surrounds the lungs
pleural cavity
the cavity that surrounds the heart
pericardial cavity
the area that subdivides the abdomen and the pelvic cavity
abdominopelvic cavity
the diaphragm separates what two cavities?
the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity
the region that is directly above the umbilical region is the
epigastric region
the region that is directly below the umbilical region is the
hypogastric region
the line that separates the top region is the
subcostal line
the line that separates the bottom region is the
transtubercular line
the region to the right of the epigastric region is the
right hypochondriac region (same for the left)
the region to the right of the hypogastric region is the
right iliac region( same for the left)
the area to the right of the umbilical region is the
right lumbar region ( same for the left)
what is the basic structural and functional living unit of an organism and the smallest living unit in the body
cells
a group of cells and the materials surrounding them that work together to perform a particular function
tissues
it is composed of two or more different types of tissues that have specific functions and recognizable shapes
organs
the watery solution inside the cell is called
intracellular fluid ICF
the watery solution outside the cell is called
extracellular fluid ECF
which level of structural organization is composed of two or more different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function?
organs
what is the difference between negative and positive feedback systems?
in a negative feedback system the response reverses the original stimulus and in the positive feed back system the response enhances the original stimulus
what would happen to the heart rate if some stimulus caused blood pressure to decrease? is it negative or positive?
when something causes the blood pressure to decrease, the heart rate will increase therefor it is a negative feedback
which plane separates the heart into two portions?
the frontal plane
