An Embodied Spirit Coexisting with the Environment Flashcards
Human being is endowed with reason.
Rizal and Kant
He is self autonomous with self-regulating will.
Rizal and Kant
Human being is more than he/she knows about himself/herself.
Rizal and Kant; According to Jasper
Human individuals determine themselves through the interaction with their environment. In doing so, they make choices, including moral choices, with the aid of their reason.
Kant
Believes that human, the being of human, is lost in a context of total determination.
Karl Jaspers
(German: Grenzsituation) is any of certain situation/s in which a human being is said to have differing experiences from those arising from ordinary situations.
Limit Situations
Are inescapable and inevitable breaks of ordinary patterns of human existence, such as death, sufferings, conflict, tragedy, sickness, failures, communication, struggles and guilt.
Boundary Situations
According to Jaspers, boundary situations lead to the ___.
Deeper consciousness and experience of her limitations and fortitude.
Our body and soul are ___.
Separate and Distinct
The soul is ___.
Immaterial
The body shows ___ (existing as physical body)
Corporeality
According to Lorenz 2009, we have ___.
Soul or Spirit
The soul or spirit is philosophically discussed as ___.
Mind
For dualists, the mind (mental) is not to be mistaken as ___.
Brain (Physical)
The mental is a unique phenomenon that ___.
Cannot be reduced to a non-mental or physical.
Is a philosophical theory based on the idea of opposing concepts, human beings are made up of two independent constituents, which are the ____.
Dualism; Body and Soul
Dualism of the body and soul; The human soul existed prior and after the body is gone.
Plato
The theory that discusses where the material is separate from spiritual realm of forms or essences (World of Ideas).
Theory of Forms
The world made up of appearances (destructible, illusionary and unreliable) or copies of what is real.
Physical World
Knowledge is to be found in ___.
The Realm of Ideas or Essences
The ___ that humans possess pre-existed in the ___.
Soul; World of Forms or Ideas
Learning is mere remembering or recollecting what the soul once knew when it was in the realm of forms.
Soul is immortal.
Also recognized Dualism; He exists because a doubt requires a doubter and him doubting is a proof that he is existing. He that exists is clearly a thing that thinks.
Rene Descartes
He acknowledged that he is a body that is bound by some figure that can be located in some place and occupy space. Has the power to move, feel and think; This is attributed to body and soul.
Rene Descartes
He did not believe in dualism. The body and soul are not two separate entities that interact with each other but are one being made up of matter and form. Matter (body and form (soul) cannot remain a being if matter and form are not united.
Thomas Aquinas
He believed that man is the whole of his body and soul. They are one like the oneness of the ugly and his figure. The relation of the body to the soul is the relation of matter to form. The body and soul are only two aspects of the whole man.
Aristotle
Inner-most core of being sensitive to God. It determines our identity.
Spirit
Middle core of mind, will, and emotions. It has our personality, mind, emotions, and will.
Soul
The external physical layer. It has our 5 senses and action.
Body
Advanced the theory of “tabula rasa” (blank slate or page). He said that thoughts are conscious (we reflect and introspect). Our consciousness is the criterion/standard for personal identity, and as a thinking being, we consist of thoughts and sensation (physical feeling).
John Locke
Human beings have a mental faculty or capacity that enables us to think, reason, understand, compare, analyze, associate ideas.
The Faculty of Reason
