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AMT Parasitology > AMT Parasitology > Flashcards

AMT Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

Pathogenic, 4 nuceli, central karyosome, cigar shaped chromatid, progressive motility

A

E.histo

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2
Q

The only Ameba that ingests rbcs and is diagnositic for

A

E.histo

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3
Q

Infective, nonmotile, nonfeeding stage of E.histo

A

cyst

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4
Q

Identical to E.histo, non patho, doen’t ingest

A

E.dispar

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5
Q

Nonpatho, up to 8 irregular nuclei, eccentric karyosome, pointed chromatid, sluggish motility

A

E.coli

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6
Q

Similiar to E.histo, smaller and nonpatho

A

E.hartmanni

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7
Q

Nonpatho, glycogen vacuole, blot karyosome, no peripheral chromatin

Only ameba with one nucleus in cyst

A

Iodamoeba butshlii

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8
Q

nonpatho, smallest ameba, 4 nuclei, blot karyosome, no peripheral chromatin

A

E.nana

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9
Q

Two free living amebae

A

Naegleria fowleri
Acanthamoeba spp

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10
Q

Cause of PAM (meningoencephalitis), nasal passage

A

Naegleria fowleri

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11
Q

Diagnostic stage of N.fowleri

A

trophs in CSF

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12
Q

Ameba in immuncompromised, keratitis, contact lens

A

Acanthamoba spp

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13
Q

Vacuolar, granular forms
with 4 nuclei pushed to side,
large center
no cyst

A

Blastocystis

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14
Q

6 Flagellates

A

Dientamoeba fragilis (no flagella though)

Giarlia lamblia
Chilomastix mesnili
Trichomonas spp

trypanosome, leishmania

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15
Q

Two flagellates with no cyst stage

A

D.fragilis
T.hominis

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16
Q

Flagellate with no visible flagella, no cyst, 2 nuclei (each a mass of granules) and pathogenic

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

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17
Q

Cause of gasteroenteritis, beaver fever, cyst infective

axostyle, parabasal body, falling leaf motility, old man, sucker on underside, day care

A

Giardia lamblia

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18
Q

Nonpatho flagellate

lemon shaped cyst
Spiral grove/cork skrew motility, jaws

A

Chilomastix
mesnili

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19
Q

Flagellate, pathogenic, undulating membrane is 1/2 the length

sexually transmitted, urogenital

A

T.vaginalis

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20
Q

Flagellate nonpatho, feces, undulating membrane full length, no cyst

A

T.hominis

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21
Q

Only ciliate pathogenic to humans

A

Balantidium coli

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22
Q

pathogenic ciliate
farmers,pigs

cilia, 2 nuclei (one kidney) macro/micro

A

Balantidium coli

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23
Q

Infective stage of Plasmodiium and vector

A

sporozoites by female Anopheles mosquito

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24
Q

Stain for plasmodium

A

Giesma

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25
Q

Resistant to P.vivax

A

Duffy neg

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26
Q

These two things resistant to P.falciparum

A

G6PD def
HmgS

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27
Q

Exoerythrocytic phase of plasmodium in what organ

A

liver

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28
Q

Most infections of babesia by what species

A

microti

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29
Q

6 sporozoa

A

Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, Isospora

Babesia, Plasmodium

Toxoplasma

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30
Q

Infective stage of Babesia and what vector

A

sporozoites
bite of deer tick
(Ixodes scapularis)

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31
Q

Ring forms in packets of four, maltese cross from what protozoa

A

Babesia

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32
Q

Diagnostic stage in Giesma for Babesia

A

Ring forms in packets of four, maltese cross

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33
Q

P.ovale and P. vivax have these 3 things in common

A

rbcs enlarged
young rbcs
schuffners dots

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34
Q

Maurers dots seen in which Plasmodium

A

P.Falciparum

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35
Q

Ziemans stippling seen in which Plasmodium

A

P.malariae

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36
Q

Crescent or banana shaped gametocytes seen in

A

P.falciparum

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37
Q

Name of hemoflagellates living in human blood and tissues

A

trypanosomes

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38
Q

Stage with no flagella, leishmanial form

A

amastigote

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39
Q

stage with flagella at poterior end

A

trypomastigote

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40
Q

Two species cause of African sleeping sicknesss

A

Trypanosoma
rhodesiense, gambiense

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41
Q

East sleeping sickness

A

rhodesiense

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42
Q

West sleeping sickness

A

gambiense

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43
Q

Infective stage and vector of trypanosoma

A

trypomastigote, TseTse fly

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44
Q

Diagnostic stage in Giesma of trypanosoma

A

trypomastigote

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45
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi
disease name, infective, and vector

A

Chagas
tyrpomastigote
feces of reduvid bug
(T.infestans)

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46
Q

Diagnostic stage of T.cruzi in Giesma

A

tryptomastigote

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47
Q

What two forms and where can be found to diagnosis T.cruzi

A

Amastigote in heart
Trypomastigote in blood

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48
Q

Trypanosome that can be spread thru transfusions and seen in heart muscle

A

T.cruzi

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49
Q

Obligate intracellular parasite, flagellate

kala azar
amastigote in WBCs, RE cells

A

Leishmania

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50
Q

Leishmania infective stage, vector and diagnostic

A

promatigotes
sandfly

diagnostic: amastigote in macrophage

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51
Q

Genus with amastigote in macrophage in Giesma from skin lesions
(LD bodies)

A

Leishmania

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52
Q

3 parasites spread thru transfusions

A

Trypanosoma (chagas)
Plasmodium
Babesia

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53
Q

Diagnostic and infective stage for intestinal cocidia/sporozoan

A

oocysts

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54
Q

Coccidia/Sporozoan transmitted via fecal, self limiting, AIDs, acid fast oocyts

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

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55
Q

Intestinal coccidia/sporozoan with infective oocysts, contaminated produce/summer

A

Cyclospora cayetanensis

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56
Q

Sporozoan where human is definitive host, anorexia, diarrhea

oocysts/sporoblasts in feces

A

Isospora belli

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57
Q

Obligate intracellular, opportunisitics/AIDS

ingest spores w/polar tubule

A

Microsporidia

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58
Q

Diagnosis of microsporidia

A

trichrome

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59
Q

Tissue cocidia cat feces/undercooked meat, death of fetus, AIDs

oocyts

A

Toxoplasma gondii

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60
Q

4 parasites spread thru blood

A

Plasmodium
Babesia

Leishmania (macrophages)
Trypanosome(plasma)

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61
Q

Cause of pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) immunocompromised

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci, carinii

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62
Q

Stain for P.jiroveci/carinii

A

GM silver stain

Gomoris methenamine silver stain

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63
Q

Another name for Flukes

A

Trematodes

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64
Q

5 trematodes/flukes

A

CFF, SP

Clonorchis
Fasciola
Fasciolopsis

Schistosoma
Paragonimus

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65
Q

Giant intestinal fluke

A

Fasciolopsis buski

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66
Q

Chinese liver fluke

A

Clonorchis sinensis

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67
Q

Sheep liver fluke

A

Fasciola hepatica

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68
Q

1 Blood Fluke
3 species

A

Shistosoma

japonicum, mansoni
haematobium

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69
Q

1 Lung Fluke

A

Paragonimus westermani

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70
Q

Cestodes are

A

Tapeworms

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71
Q

3 intestinal tapeworms/cestodes
1 tissue

A

D.latum
Taenia
Hymenolepsis

E.granulosus

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72
Q

Larval form in tissue Cestode/tapeworm

A

Echinococcus granulosus

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73
Q

How many specimens recommended, frequency and over how many days for parasites

A

3 specimens every other day, over 10 days

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74
Q

How soon need to examine liquid specimens if not in preservative

A

30min of passage

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75
Q

How soon to examine soft specimens if not in preservative

A

1hr

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76
Q

How soon to examine formed stool if not in preservative or refridgerated

A

24hrs

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77
Q

Do not collect specimens that contain these 3 things and why

A

urine: destroy motile

water: free living

oil/barium enema:
protozoa may become undetectable

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78
Q

Collection of specimens in general

A

Sputum: early morning
CSF: don’t dilute
Urine: 1st void
Genital: saline wet swab
Tissue/skin: sterile
Blood: Thick concentration, thin for id

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79
Q

Most common stain and gold standard used for pernmanet smear

A

trichrome

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80
Q

Trichrome shows…and is what color

background

A

shows nuclear chromatin
is red-purple
background is blue green

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81
Q

2 stains that also can be used for blood smears

A

Wright, Giesma

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82
Q

Acid fast for these 3 parasites

A

Cryptosporidium
Cyclospora
Isopora

83
Q

Modified trichrome used for

A

microsporidiosis

84
Q

Stain used to detect microfilarial sheath

A

iron hematoxylin stain

85
Q

Two things used in wet mounts

A

saline (0.85% NaCl)
Iodine

86
Q

Saline in wet mount detects

A

motility, possibly cysts

87
Q

Iodine in wet mt kills…
enhances..
not perfromed on…

A

kills trophs
enhances nuclear material of cysts
not performed on preserved

88
Q

Break down of eos from immune response

A

Charcot-Leyden crystals

89
Q

3 types of preservation good for eggs, larvae and amoebic cysts

A

fridge
10% formalin
MIF

90
Q

MIF…
Used for…

A

merthiolate iodine formalin

concentration, preservative

91
Q

Three ways to preserve for trophs

A

PVA
SAF
Schaudinns Fluid

92
Q

PVA

A

Polyvinyl alcohol

93
Q

SAF

A

sodium acetate acetic acid
formalin

trophs, safer than PVA, MIF

94
Q

Used to preserve fresh stools, good for trophs and cysts

A

Schaudinns fluid

95
Q

Best for preservation of amoebic trophs and can prepare pernmanent slides from

A

PVA
polyvinyl alcohol

96
Q

Two concentration tecq

which one can detect all parasites, which one misses larges /operculated eggs

A

formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation: detects all parasites

zinc sulfate flotation: can miss large/operculated eggs

97
Q

4 layers formed by formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation

A

formalin
ethyl acetate
sediment (parasites)
debris/fat

98
Q

Formalin preserves
Ethyl acetate removes

A

organisms
removes fat/oils

99
Q

Advantage of Formalin-EA
Disadvantage

A

can stay in formalin indefine

more debris

100
Q

Flotation teq where ova, cysts, larvae float to top of sln due to specific gravity but trophs are destroyed

A

Zinc Sulfate flotation

101
Q

specific gravity of zinc sulfate

A

1.18

102
Q

Disadvantage of zinc sulfate flotation

A

large eggs (shisto) and operculated (latum) can be missed

103
Q

Advantage of zinc sulfate

A

not flammable, cleaner

104
Q

Tape worm, segmented hermaphrodite, flat worm

A

Cestode

105
Q

Fluke, oral and ventral cup shaped suckers

A

Trematode

106
Q

Roundworm, bisexual, cylindrical worms

A

Nematodes

107
Q

Name of lung fluke

A

P.westermanni

108
Q

Two liver flukes

A

F.hepatica, C.sinensis

109
Q

Blood fluke genus

A

Shistosoma

110
Q

Intestinal fluke genus

A

Fasciolopsis

111
Q

Pork tapeworm

A

Taenia solium

112
Q

Beef tapeworm

A

Taenia saginata

113
Q

Dwarf tapeworm

A

Hymenolepsis nana

114
Q

Rat tapeworm

A

Hymenolepsis diminuta

115
Q

Sandworm disease, cutaneous larva migrans, creeping eruption

A

Ancylostoma braziliense

116
Q

Roundworm in tissue, muscle biopsy

A

Trichinella spiralis

117
Q

4 Tapeworms/Cestodes genus

A

Taenia
Hymenolepsis
D.latum

Echinosus

118
Q

6 Roundworm/Nematodes

A

Trichuris: whip worm
Ascaris

Strongy: threadworm
Enterobius: pin worm

Nector
Ancyclostoma

119
Q

5 Fluke/Trematodes

A

Fasciolopsis
Fasciola

Clonorchis
Paragonimus
Shistosoma

120
Q

bite of deer tick
(Ixodes scapularis) spreads

A

Babesia

121
Q

Duffy negative resistance to

A

P.vivax

122
Q

Hmg S
G6pd def resistant to

A

P.falciparum

123
Q

Large intestinal roundworm, worm ball, larvae in sputum, coughed up and goes to intestine
-needs to be in soil

mammillated or decorticated albuminous coated egg
fertlized and unfertilized

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

124
Q

Pinworm

A

Enterobius vermicularis

125
Q

1 side flattened, embryonated clear egg

Roundworm in kids, perianal itching at night
high rate of autoreinfection

scotch tape prep

A

Enterobius vermicularis

126
Q

Roundworm, whip worm

A

Trichuris trichiura

127
Q

Roundworm with football shaped egg with mucoid polar plugs, bile stained

A

Trichuris trichiura

128
Q

Round worm, threadworm

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

129
Q

Smallest roundworm, free living and parasitic cycle

short buccal cavity
hourglass esophagus
primordial genitalia
notch at end of tail

A

S.stercoralis

130
Q

3 stages of Strongy

A

cutaneous: penetrate skin
lung: larval migrate
GI

131
Q

Strongy diagnostic forms

A

filariform larvae penetrate skin

rhabditiform larvae in feces

132
Q

New world hookworm, cutting plate teeth
-skin penetration
-thin colorless segmented embryo

A

Necator americanus

133
Q

Old world hookworm, two teeth

A

Ancyclostoma duodenale

134
Q

Infective stage of Hookworm

A

filariform larva(worm), penetrates skin

135
Q

Buccal cavity and tail of hookworms compared to Strongy

A

Hookworm have long buccal and pointed tail

136
Q

Ground itch and anemia caused by this roundworm

A

hookworm

137
Q

Diagnositic for hookworm

A

egg infeces

138
Q

Round worm of cat/dogs that is in eye

A

Toxocara canis

139
Q

roundworm from marine/raw fish in Japan

A

anisakis

140
Q

Nematode from encysted larvae in undercooked meat

muslce biopsy of encysted larvae in striated muscle

A

Trichinella spiralis

141
Q

Microfilaria w/sheath, no nuclei in tip of tail

A

Wuchereria bancrofti, doesn’t tip

142
Q

Microfilaria w/sheath, 2 nulcei in tip

A

Brugia malayi, tips 2

143
Q

Microfilaria w/sheath and nuclei to tip

A

Loa loa, to the tip

144
Q

Microfilaria with no sheath and no nuclei in tip

A

Onchocerca volvulus

145
Q

Microfilaria causes calabar swellings (under eye) and can go to conjunctiva and cause blindness

A

Loa loa

146
Q

Two microfilaria that cause elephantiasis, nocturnal and caused by mosquito

A

W.bancrofti
Brugia malayi

147
Q

Microfilariae that is caused by black fly, can cause blindness, and form nodules

A

Onchocerca volvulus

148
Q

Microfilaria from canines,fox

heartworms

bite from mosquito

A

Dirofilaria

149
Q

Microfilariae passed by Chyrsops deer fly

A

Loa loa

150
Q

Microfilaria passed by Simulian black fly

A

Onchocerca volvulus

151
Q

Microfilaria passed by mansonia mosquito

A

Brugia malayi

152
Q

Microfilaria passed by culex and anopheles mosquito

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

153
Q

Ribbon like, proglottids, hermaphroditic, mostly have 4 cup shaped suckers on scolex

A

Cestodes/tapeworms

154
Q

Tapeworm with unarmed scolex, 15-30 uternine branches
-radial striations, hooklets ovum

beef tapeworm

A

T.saginata

155
Q

Tapeworm with armed scolex, 7-13 uternine branches
-radial striated w/hooklets ovum

eggs hatch in intestine, can penetrate mucosa go to eye, brain etc/cysticercus

pork tapeworm

A

T.solium

156
Q

Most common dwarf tapeworm, doesn’t need intermediate host, spread by fleas/beetles, armed

polar filaments, slight bulge at each pole

dwarf tape worm

A

Hymenolepsis nana

157
Q

Unarmed rat tapeworm, bettle/flea ingested

no polar filaments

A

Hymenolepsis diminuta

158
Q

Broad fish tapeworm

A

Diphyllobotherium latum

159
Q

Only cestode to produce operculated eggs

A

d.latum

160
Q

spoon shaped scolex,
operculated eggs w/knob at posterior end

causes megaloblastic anemia w/B12 def

fish tape worm

A

D.latum

161
Q

Hydatid tapeworm

Hydatid cysts in liver etc

sheet/dog

A

Echinococcus granulosus

162
Q

Tapeworm with 3 proglattids, armed scolex, sheep/dog

A

Echinococcus granulosis

163
Q

Dog tapeworm
ingest fleas, egg packet, kids

A

Dipylidium caninum

164
Q

Genus with Flat leaf shaped, hermaphroditic, snail, mostly eggs

oral and ventral suckers (cup shaped)

eat metacercariae

A

Trematodes/flukes

165
Q

Trematode from raw aquatic plants/metacercaria,

very large egg w/small operculum

A

Fasciolopsis buski

166
Q

Giant intestinal fluke

A

Fasciolopsis buski

167
Q

Trematode from raw aquatic vegetation/metacercaria, sheep/cattle as reservoir

bile duct/liver

A

Fasciola hepatica

168
Q

Sheep liver fluke

bile duct

A

Fasciola hepatica

169
Q

Chinese liver fluke

bile duct

A

Clonorchis sinensis

170
Q

Trematode w/raw fish/metacercaria, Asian countries

operculated shoulders, small knob
bile duct issues

A

Clonorchis sinensis

C=chinese liver

171
Q

Oriental lung fluke,
chinese vase

A

Paragonimus westermani

172
Q

Only parasitic egg found in sputum

A

P.westermani

173
Q

Trematode w/crabs/crawfish/metacercaria

sputum appears to be reddish/brown flecks

operculated shoulders, thick apopercular shell

A

Paragonimuds westermani

174
Q

Blood fluke

A

shistosomes

175
Q

Trematode with separate male/female

snail intermediate, cercariae go thru skin

A

Schistosome

176
Q

Schistosome that lie in veins near bladder, in urine

A

haematobium

177
Q

2 schistosomes that lie in veins near intestines, in feces

A

mansoni+japonicum

178
Q

Schistosome with conspicous,large lateral spine

intestine veins

A

mansoni

179
Q

Schistosome with small, inconspicuous lateral spine

intestine veins

A

japonicum

180
Q

Schistosome with terminal spine

bladder veins

A

haematobium

181
Q

Cause of swimmers itch from cercariae skin penetration from what genus

A

Schistosomes

182
Q

Tania that can cause cysteriosis

A

Solium

183
Q

Cestodes spread thru beetle, flea

A

Hymenolepsis

184
Q

Cutaneous larva migrans also called…

Organism…

A

Creeping eruption

Ancyclostoma braziliense

185
Q

Creeping eruption also called…
Organism…

A

Cutaneous larva migrans

Ancyclostoma braziliense

186
Q

Larva currens also called…

Organism

A

Strongloidiasis

Strongloides

187
Q

Strongloidiasis also called…

A

Larva currens

188
Q

Erythema chronicum migrans also called…
Organism…

A

Lyme disease

Borellia burgdorfi

189
Q

Lyme disease called…

Organism…

A

Erythema chronicum migrans

Borellia burgdorfi

190
Q

Microsporum mostly macro

A

…

191
Q

Trichophyton mostly micro

A

…

192
Q

Epidermophyton only club shaped macro

A

…

193
Q

Crystals formed by breakdown of EOs for to immune response to parasites

A

Charcot Leyden

194
Q

Host that contains the larval form

A

Intermediate

195
Q

Host that contains adult sexual form

A

Definitive

196
Q

Oncho: no clothes, doesn’t tip

Wuchereria: doesn’t tip

Brugia: tips 2

Loa loa: goes to the tip

A

…

197
Q

Wuchereria, Brugia:
-elephantiasis, mosquito

Loa loa:
-Calabar/blindness, deer fly

Onchocerca:
-blindness, nodule, black fly

A

…

198
Q

Genus with gravid proglottids passed on feces: segments filled with eggs

A

Cestodes

199
Q

Cestodes

Hymenolepsis Nana:
-no intermedi, polar filament, armed

Hymenolepsis Diminuta:
-rat, no polar filaments, unarmed

A

..

200
Q

Nematodes, roundworms

Enterobius: pinworm
-kids,perianal itch/migration at night

Ascaris: large intestinal round worm
-big,worm ball,albuminous,sputum

Trichuris: whipworm
-bile, clear polar plugs

Strongly: threadworm
-short buccal, notched trail, genitalia, esophagus, skin

*Nectar: new world hookworm
-plates
-long buccal, pointed tail, clear egg, filariform skin
*Ancyclostoma: Old world hookworm
-teeth
–long buccal, clear egg, filariform skin, ground Itch, anemia

Trichinella: blood/tissue nematode
-encysted larvae in muscle, pigs

A

…

201
Q

Cestodes:

*Taenia saginata: beef tapeworm
-unarmed, more branches
*Taenia solium: pork tapeworm
-armed, less branches, cysticercosis

*Hymenolepsis Nana:
dwarf tapeworm
-flea, armed, polar filaments, no interme
*Hymenolepsis Diminuta:
Rat tapeworm
-flea, unarmed, no polar filaments, rat

*Diphyll latum: broadfish tapeworm
-operculated, knob, megalo anemia

*Echino gran: hydatid tapeworm
-armed, sheep/dog, hydatid cysts, hexacanth embryo

*Diphy caninum: dog tapeworm
-fleas, egg packet, kids

A

…

202
Q

Trematodes…metacercaria

Fascio buski: giant intestinal fluke
-very large, operculum

Fasciola hepatica: sleep liver fluke
-liver/obstructive jaundice

Clonor sinensis: Chinese liver fluke
-operculated with shoulders, bile duct, Asian

Parawestermani: Oriental lung fluke
-red Brown sputum, operculated with shoulders

Shistosomes: blood fluke
-sepatarate sexes, snail,spine diff
-mansoni: large, lateral
-japon: small lateral
-haema: terminal

A

…

203
Q

Two species both have:

rbcs enlarged
young rbcs
schuffners dots

A

P.ovale and P. vivax have these 3 things in common

AMT Parasitology (1 decks)

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