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AUDE 5450 > amplifying technology > Flashcards

amplifying technology Flashcards

1
Q

prescription hearing aids, self fitting OTC Hearing aids, and pre-set OTC hearing aids fall in what category ?

A

FDA Regulated Devices: intended for individuals w/ hearing loss

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2
Q

personal sound amplyfing devices, hearables and consumer audio devices (HAT, etc) fall in what category ?

A

Not FDA Regulated Devices: intended for ppl w/ normal hearing

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3
Q

OTC hearing are for what kinds of HL?

A

people who PERCIEVE a mild to moderate hl
we dont fit but we repair

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4
Q

db input + db gain = ???

A

db output

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5
Q

what is input ?

A

The INTENSITY of the acoustic signal entering the device
-Ex. mic or ear

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6
Q

what is gain

A

The amount of AMPLIFICATION added to the input signal

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7
Q

what is output?

A

The INTENSITY of the signal that’s delivered into the ear canal

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8
Q

how may input appear in programming software?

A

May appear as dB values or as a loudness descriptor in programming software
Soft/50 dB; Moderate/65 dB; Loud/80 dB

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9
Q

what db levels are considered as soft db inputs?

A

40-50 db

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10
Q

what db levels are considered as a moderate input level?

A

65 db

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11
Q

what db levels are considered as a loud input level?

A

75-80 db

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12
Q

how does gain appear in software programming ?

A

Equals the dB added to each frequency range and input level
-in the graph on the side it’s the amount of additional input you are adding

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13
Q

how does output appear in software programming

A

Equals the intensity arriving to the tympanic membrane (TM)
it’s the intensity coming to the t.m

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14
Q

in this class, when we use db, what does it represent ?

A

DB SPL

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15
Q

when is db HL used ?

A

ONLY WHEN TESTING AUDIOGRAMS

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16
Q

when do we use db SPL?

A

we use it in everything else when were not testing audiograms

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17
Q

when is audiometric data converted from HL to SPL?

A

it’s converted before we’re going to fit amplification

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18
Q

the audiometric data is conversion is based on what?

A

This conversion is based on the size of the average adult ear

19
Q

what is an important factor to remember when we’re going to start to fit devices

A

are all ears the same size?

20
Q

in the acoustic ear, what did people use?

A

-happened from the 13th to 19ht century (the 1st era)
- they didn’t have ELECTRIC amplification so the used physical ways to increase signal intensity

21
Q

what was the acoustic horn principle ?

A

-Horns amplify sounds when waves are reflected into a progressively narrower area, thereby increasing the sound pressure level that reaches the ear ***
it focused on amplification
-They increase sound directionality
-caused distortion
-All frequencies are equally amplified
-cant control amplifications between low and high freq
-The intensity of an acoustic signal changes as it travels through a horn

22
Q

what was the first acoustic horn ?

A

hand cupping

23
Q

how many db gain did hand cupping contribute to the signal?

A

-It added +5 -10 dB of gain to the input signal in mid to high frequencies
-It increased gain of acoustic signals arriving from the front
-It attenuate acoustic signals arriving from the rear

24
Q

what does the length and size of the horns opening determine?

A

-The length and size of a horn’s opening determines the final output intensity and which frequencies are amplified
-Increased length of the horn increases the SPL energy transferred to ear
-The wider opening collects more sound
-The combination of increased length & wider openings maximizes gain added to the input signal
-the longer the horn the longer the amp

25
Q

what does frequency responses compare ?

A

Frequency response curves compare the intensity of the input signal to either the added gain, or final output of a device

26
Q

what happens when amplitude output increases ?

A

Amplified output increased when the speaking tube length increased

27
Q

what did the carbon era contribute to?

A

The 1st “electric” hearing aids used a carbon microphone and a receiver; © 1902

28
Q

what did the carbon era convert ?

A

-Carbon microphones collected the acoustic signal & converted it into an analog (identical) electric signal
- The receiver then converted the analog electric signal back to an acoustic signal

29
Q

electric hearing aids convert what to what?

A

Electric hearing aids convert an acoustic signal into an analogous electric signal

30
Q

the receiver converts what to what

A

The receiver converts the analogous electric signal back to an acoustic signal

31
Q

what don’t carbon hearing aids contribute?

A

Carbon hearing aids didn’t have amplifiers to add gain to the acoustic input signal

32
Q

resonance reflector positioned behind the mic adds how much gain to the signal input

A

-“Resonance-reflectors” positioned behind the microphone added 5-10 dB SPL of gain to the input signal b/w 1k Hz to 3.5k Hz
-Microphones were stacked on top of one another to add more gain

33
Q

the vacuum tube era contributed to what

A

The invention of the vacuum tube amplifier added gain to increase the amplitude of the analogous electric signal. Increased gain resulted in increased acoustic output.

34
Q

The transitior era contributed to what?

A

-A transistor is an electrical component used to increase current flow of electronic signals (increases amplitude)
-A resistor is an electrical component used to add or remove resistance to the flow of electrical current (modifies frequency response or output)

35
Q

what do todays device contribute in terms of transistor era ?

A

Today, devices combine multiple transistors & resistors into a single component referred to as “integrated circuits

36
Q

what is integrated circuit?

A

Integrated circuit: an electronic circuit formed on a small piece of semiconducting material, performing the same function as a larger circuit made from discrete components.

37
Q

what do transistors and resistors allow?

A

Transistors & resistors allowed modification of gain & output signals!

38
Q

what do transistors conduct ?

A

they conduct the electrical signal

39
Q

what do transistors do in a hearing aid?

A

-In a hearing aid it amplifies the amplitude of a signal
-i.e., amplifiers, take a tiny electric current at one end (analog electric current) and produces a much bigger flow of electric current at the other (output current)

40
Q

transistors can act like what in hearing aids?

A

Connected transistors can act as logic gates carrying out decision making in hearing aids.

41
Q

Resistors conduct what ?

A

the electrical sine signal

42
Q

what are resistors used for ?

A

-It’s used to modify the output, frequency, or intensity in some way
-i.e., filter all the low frequencies signals and don’t let them pas through the circuit

43
Q

what is a potentiometer?

A

-A small resistors control used to modify the output signal in early analog hearing aids.
-Manipulated the output signal, frequency response, the amount of gain added, & the compression ratio
-AKA- “Trimmer pot”, or “pot screw”

43
Q
A

AUDE 5450 (2 decks)

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