AMPHIBIANS

Question 1

Approximately ____________ species of living amphibians are known.

Answer 1

8,100

Question 2

Anura

Answer 2

Frogs and Toads

Question 3

Caudata

Answer 3

Newts and salamanders

Question 4

Gymophiona

Answer 4

Caecilians

Question 5

Greek word meaning “double life”

Answer 5

Amphibios

Question 6

lack of embryonic membranes

Answer 6

Anamniotes

Question 7

Number of amphibian species in the Philippines

Answer 7

about 117

Question 8

Number of amphibian families in the Philippines

Answer 8

10 families in 2 orders (3 worldwide)

Question 9

Order of salamanders, newts

Answer 9

Order Caudata

Question 10

Order of Caecilians

Answer 10

Gymnophiona/Apoda

Question 11

Order of frogs and toads

Answer 11

Order Salientia/Anura

Question 12

Largest family of Amphibian

Answer 12

Ceratobatrachidae

Question 13

Amphibians Families:

Answer 13

1. Ichthyophiidae
2. Bombinatoridae
3. Bufonidae
4. Ceratobatrachidae
5. Dicrogloassidae
6. Elutherodactylidae
7. Megophryidae
8. Microhylidae
9. Ranidae
10. Rhacophoridae

Question 14

How many species of ichthyophids in the philippines?

Answer 14

three (3) species

Question 15

Mode of development of caecilians

Answer 15

indirect development

Question 16

Ichthyophids are characterized by the
presence of a distinct ___________ ________
which is divided or separated by a
secondary and tertiary groove.

Answer 16

primary annuli

Question 17

Ichthyophid species:

Answer 17

Ichthyopis glandulosa
Ichthyophis mindanaoensis
Ichthyopis weberi

Question 18

Only one representative species of Family Bombinatoridae

Answer 18

Barbourula busuangensis (Palawan Flat Headed Frog)
IUCN Status: Vulnerable

Question 19

It is a large, heavy-bodied, highly aquatic frog found in the fast-moving waters of mountain streams on the Philippine islands of Busuanga and Palawan.

Answer 19

Barbourula busuangensis

Question 20

This frog’s coloration is dark, appearing dark green to black. A very distinct character of members of this family is entirely adherent tongue along its lower jaw margin.

Answer 20

Barbourula busuangensis

Question 21

Toads belong to the family _____________. They are characterized by having thick, warty skin and an enlarge glands in the back of its head called ____________.

Answer 21

Bufonidae, paratoid gland

Question 22

Bufonidae species:

Answer 22

1. Ansonia mcgregori (MacGregor’s Toad)
2. Ansonia muelleri (Mueller’s Toad)
3. Ingerophrynus philippinicus (Philippine Toad)
4. Pelophryne albotaeniata (Palawan Toadlet)
5. Pelophryne brevipes (Zamboanga Flathead Toad)
6. Pelophryne lighti (Eastern Mindanao Dwarf)
7. Rhinella marina (Cane Toad)

Question 23

Mode of development of Ceratobatrachidae

Answer 23

direct development

Question 24

Ceratobatrachidae species:

Answer 24

1. Platymantis corrugatus (Rough-backed forest frog)
2. Platymantis diesmosi (Mt. Malinao forest frog)
3. Platymantis dorsalis (Dumeril’s wrinkled)
4. Platymantis rabori (Rabor’s forest frog)
5. Platymantis sierramadrensis
6. Platymantis spelacus (Cave wrinkled ground frog)
7. Platymantis subterrestris (Luzon wrinkled ground frog)

Question 25

* Frogs with forked tongue belongs to what family?

Answer 25

Dicroglossidae (consists of 18 species)

Question 26

Dicroglossidae species:

Answer 26

1. Alcalus mariae 2. Fejervarya moodiei (Crab-eating frog) 3. Fejervarya vittegera (Luzon wart frog) 4. Limnonected microcephalus (Giant Philippine frog) 5. Limnonectes magnus (Giant Philippine frog) 6. Limnonectes leytensis (Small disked frog)

Question 27

is a new family of frog in the Philippines, having only one member to occur, although in its native countries, members of the family are diverse.

Answer 27

Eleutherodactylidae

Question 28

This species was introduced, although in its native countries, member of this family is known as an invasive species

Answer 28

Eleutherodactylus planirostis (Greenhouse frog)

Question 29

Cryptic frogs or litter frogs belong to the Family _________________. Members of this family are nocturnal and walk instead of jump because of its poor ability to jump.

Answer 29

Megophryidae

Question 30

Morphological characters that are exhibited by family Megophyridae are absence of _____________ in adults,

Answer 30

ceratohyals

Question 31

Megophyridae species:

Answer 31

1. Megophrys ligayae (Palawan-horned frog) 2. Pelobatrachus stejnegeri 3. Leptobrachium lumadorum 4. Leptobrachium mangyanorum 5. Leptobrachium tagbanorum

Question 32

This Family consists of narrow-mouthed frogs. Morphological characters of members of this family exhibits fully exposed glottis in the buccal floor of larva

Answer 32

Microhylidae

Question 33

Microhylidae species:

Answer 33

1. Kaloula picta (Slender-digit chorus frog) 2. Kaloula pulchra (Malaysian narrow mouth toad) 3. Kaloula rigida (Luzon narrow mouthed frog) 4. Kaloula sinensis (Philippine sticky frog) 5. Kaloula baleata (Smooth-fingered narrow mouthed frog) 6. Kaloula conjuncta (Philippine narrow mouth toad)

Question 34

most widespread and one of the largest family of anurans which consist of true frogs.

Answer 34

Ranidae

Question 35

They are usually medium to large in size, have smooth skin, and long legs with webbing between the toes

Answer 35

Family Ranidae

Question 36

This Family of anurans is paraphyletic

Answer 36

Ranidae

Question 37

Ranidae Species:

Answer 37

1. Sanguirana tipanan (Brown and Alcala's Sierra 2. Staurois natator (Mindanao splash Frog) 3. Staurois nubilus 4. Lithobates catesbeianus (American bullfrog) 5. Pulchrana grandocula 6. Pulchrana mangyanum

Question 38

This family is closely related to the Family Ranidae but is differentiated by its webbed fingers and toes, large digital pads or disks on the tips of the fingers and being boreal.

Answer 38

Rhacophoridae

Question 39

Another characteristic of members of Rhacophoridae is ________________ with ________________

Answer 39

large eyes with horizontal pupils

Question 40

Examples of reproductive strategies of Rhacophoridae

Answer 40

Usage of foam nest for egg laying Direct development and Phytothelm breeding

Question 41

what is phytothelm breeding

Answer 41

it means that tadpoles are laid in tree holes

Question 42

Rhacophoridae Species:

Answer 42

1. Polypedates leucomystax (White-lipped tree frog) 2. Polypedates macrotis (Brown striped tree frog) 3. Rhacophorus bimaculatus (Mindanao-flying frog) 4. Philautus surdus (Common forest tree frog) 5. Philautus surrufus (Molted tree frog) 6. Philautus worcesteri (Smooth-skinned tree frog)

Question 43

External fertilization occurs; the male releases sperm on the eggs as they exit from the female’s cloaca. The male grasps the female so that his cloaca is positioned just above the female’s cloaca.

Answer 43

Amplexus

Question 44

Types of tadpoles

Answer 44

Lemanuran - anterior gill Scoptanuran - posterior gill Acosmanuran - lateral gill

Question 45

Male organ of caecilian

Answer 45

phallodeum

Question 46

2 species that undergo direct development

Answer 46

Barbourula busuangensis Platymantis dorsalis

Question 47

Sympatric forest frogs share the forest floor but isolated by ________

Answer 47

calls

Question 48

Microhabitats used by Philippine amphibians

Answer 48

Tree canopy & epiphytes Vegetation by river Forest floor Leaf axils & tree holes Stream bed/pools River rocks/boulders Marsh or ponds

Question 49

Issues on field identification

Answer 49

daghan kaayo oy, sa pdf nalang magtuon

Question 50

Distinguishing characters

Answer 50

DAGHAN SAB, NAAS PDF

Question 51

Amphibians as bio -indicators of habitat health

Answer 51

Restricted-range island endemics Forest dependent and limited microhabitats Tolerant & intolerant to disturbance & pollution