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Phil-Amphi > AMPHIBIANS > Flashcards

AMPHIBIANS Flashcards

1
Q

Approximately ____________ species of living amphibians are known.

A

8,100

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2
Q

Anura

A

Frogs and Toads

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3
Q

Caudata

A

Newts and salamanders

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4
Q

Gymophiona

A

Caecilians

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5
Q

Greek word meaning “double life”

A

Amphibios

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6
Q

lack of embryonic membranes

A

Anamniotes

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7
Q

Number of amphibian species in the Philippines

A

about 117

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8
Q

Number of amphibian families in the Philippines

A

10 families in 2 orders (3 worldwide)

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9
Q

Order of salamanders, newts

A

Order Caudata

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10
Q

Order of Caecilians

A

Gymnophiona/Apoda

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11
Q

Order of frogs and toads

A

Order Salientia/Anura

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12
Q

Largest family of Amphibian

A

Ceratobatrachidae

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13
Q

Amphibians Families:

A
  1. Ichthyophiidae
  2. Bombinatoridae
  3. Bufonidae
  4. Ceratobatrachidae
  5. Dicrogloassidae
  6. Elutherodactylidae
  7. Megophryidae
  8. Microhylidae
  9. Ranidae
  10. Rhacophoridae
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14
Q

How many species of ichthyophids in the philippines?

A

three (3) species

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15
Q

Mode of development of caecilians

A

indirect development

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16
Q

Ichthyophids are characterized by the
presence of a distinct ___________ ________
which is divided or separated by a
secondary and tertiary groove.

A

primary annuli

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17
Q

Ichthyophid species:

A

Ichthyopis glandulosa
Ichthyophis mindanaoensis
Ichthyopis weberi

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18
Q

Only one representative species of Family Bombinatoridae

A

Barbourula busuangensis (Palawan Flat Headed Frog)
IUCN Status: Vulnerable

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19
Q

It is a large, heavy-bodied, highly aquatic frog found in the fast-moving waters of mountain streams on the Philippine islands of Busuanga and Palawan.

A

Barbourula busuangensis

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20
Q

This frog’s coloration is dark, appearing dark green to black. A very distinct character of members of this family is entirely adherent tongue along its lower jaw margin.

A

Barbourula busuangensis

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21
Q

Toads belong to the family _____________. They are characterized by having thick, warty skin and an enlarge glands in the back of its head called ____________.

A

Bufonidae, paratoid gland

22
Q

Bufonidae species:

A
  1. Ansonia mcgregori (MacGregor’s Toad)
  2. Ansonia muelleri (Mueller’s Toad)
  3. Ingerophrynus philippinicus (Philippine Toad)
  4. Pelophryne albotaeniata (Palawan Toadlet)
  5. Pelophryne brevipes (Zamboanga Flathead Toad)
  6. Pelophryne lighti (Eastern Mindanao Dwarf)
  7. Rhinella marina (Cane Toad)
23
Q

Mode of development of Ceratobatrachidae

A

direct development

24
Q

Ceratobatrachidae species:

A
  1. Platymantis corrugatus (Rough-backed forest frog)
  2. Platymantis diesmosi (Mt. Malinao forest frog)
  3. Platymantis dorsalis (Dumeril’s wrinkled)
  4. Platymantis rabori (Rabor’s forest frog)
  5. Platymantis sierramadrensis
  6. Platymantis spelacus (Cave wrinkled ground frog)
  7. Platymantis subterrestris (Luzon wrinkled ground frog)
25
Q
  • Frogs with forked tongue belongs to what family?
A

Dicroglossidae (consists of 18 species)

26
Q

Dicroglossidae species:

A
  1. Alcalus mariae
  2. Fejervarya moodiei (Crab-eating frog)
  3. Fejervarya vittegera (Luzon wart frog)
  4. Limnonected microcephalus (Giant Philippine frog)
  5. Limnonectes magnus (Giant Philippine frog)
  6. Limnonectes leytensis (Small disked frog)
27
Q

is a new family of frog in the Philippines, having only one
member to occur, although in its native countries, members of the family are diverse.

A

Eleutherodactylidae

28
Q

This species was introduced, although in its native countries, member of this family is known
as an invasive species

A

Eleutherodactylus planirostis (Greenhouse frog)

29
Q

Cryptic frogs or litter frogs belong to the
Family _________________. Members of this
family are nocturnal and walk instead of
jump because of its poor ability to jump.

A

Megophryidae

30
Q

Morphological characters that are exhibited by family Megophyridae are absence of _____________ in adults,

A

ceratohyals

31
Q

Megophyridae species:

A
  1. Megophrys ligayae (Palawan-horned frog)
  2. Pelobatrachus stejnegeri
  3. Leptobrachium lumadorum
  4. Leptobrachium mangyanorum
  5. Leptobrachium tagbanorum
32
Q

This Family consists of narrow-mouthed frogs. Morphological characters of members of this family exhibits fully exposed glottis in the buccal floor of larva

A

Microhylidae

33
Q

Microhylidae species:

A
  1. Kaloula picta (Slender-digit chorus frog)
  2. Kaloula pulchra (Malaysian narrow mouth toad)
  3. Kaloula rigida (Luzon narrow mouthed frog)
  4. Kaloula sinensis (Philippine sticky frog)
  5. Kaloula baleata (Smooth-fingered narrow mouthed frog)
  6. Kaloula conjuncta (Philippine narrow mouth toad)
34
Q

most widespread and one of the largest family of anurans which consist of true frogs.

35
Q

They are usually medium to large in size, have
smooth skin, and long legs with webbing between
the toes

A

Family Ranidae

36
Q

This Family of anurans is paraphyletic

37
Q

Ranidae Species:

A
  1. Sanguirana tipanan (Brown and Alcala’s Sierra
  2. Staurois natator (Mindanao splash Frog)
  3. Staurois nubilus
  4. Lithobates catesbeianus (American bullfrog)
  5. Pulchrana grandocula
  6. Pulchrana mangyanum
38
Q

This family is closely related to the Family Ranidae but is differentiated by its webbed fingers and toes, large digital pads or disks on the tips of the fingers and being boreal.

A

Rhacophoridae

39
Q

Another characteristic of members of Rhacophoridae is ________________ with ________________

A

large eyes with horizontal pupils

40
Q

Examples of reproductive strategies of Rhacophoridae

A

Usage of foam nest for egg laying
Direct development and
Phytothelm breeding

41
Q

what is phytothelm breeding

A

it means that tadpoles are laid in tree holes

42
Q

Rhacophoridae Species:

A
  1. Polypedates leucomystax (White-lipped tree frog)
  2. Polypedates macrotis (Brown striped tree frog)
  3. Rhacophorus bimaculatus (Mindanao-flying frog)
  4. Philautus surdus (Common forest tree frog)
  5. Philautus surrufus (Molted tree frog)
  6. Philautus worcesteri (Smooth-skinned tree frog)
43
Q

External fertilization occurs; the male releases sperm on the eggs as they exit from the female’s cloaca.
The male grasps the female so that his cloaca is positioned just above the female’s cloaca.

44
Q

Types of tadpoles

A

Lemanuran - anterior gill
Scoptanuran - posterior gill
Acosmanuran - lateral gill

45
Q

Male organ of caecilian

A

phallodeum

46
Q

2 species that undergo direct development

A

Barbourula busuangensis
Platymantis dorsalis

47
Q

Sympatric forest frogs share the forest floor but isolated by ________

48
Q

Microhabitats used by Philippine amphibians

A

Tree canopy & epiphytes
Vegetation by river
Forest floor
Leaf axils & tree holes
Stream bed/pools
River rocks/boulders
Marsh or ponds

49
Q

Issues on field identification

A

daghan kaayo oy, sa pdf nalang magtuon

50
Q

Distinguishing characters

A

DAGHAN SAB, NAAS PDF

51
Q

Amphibians as bio -indicators of habitat health

A

Restricted-range island endemics
Forest dependent and limited microhabitats
Tolerant & intolerant to disturbance & pollution

Phil-Amphi (4 decks)

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