Amount of substance Flashcards
What is the nitrate ion?
NO3-
What is the sulfate ion?
SO4²-
What is the carbonate ion?
CO3²-
What is the hydrogencarbonate ion?
HCO3-
What is the hydroxide ion?
OH-
What is the hydride ion?
H-
What is the phosphate ion?
PO4³-
What is the equation for metal + water?
metal + water –> metal hydroxide + hydrogen
What is the equation for metal + acid?
metal + acid –> salt + hydrogen
What is the equation for oxide + acid?
oxide + acid –> salt + water
What is the equation for hydroxide + acid?
hydroxide + acid –> salt + water
What is the equation for carbonate + acid?
carbonate + acid –> salt + water + carbon dioxide
What is the equation for hydrogencarbonate + acid?
hydrogencarbonate + acid –> salt + water + carbon dioxide
What is the equation for ammonia + acid?
ammonia + acid –> ammonium salt
What is the equation for a metal carbonate when heated?
metal carbonate –> metal oxide + carbon dioxide
What is the ammonium ion?
NH4+
What is the equation for moles?
Mass = Mr × moles
How do you calculate percentage yield?
% yield = mass of product obtained / maximum theoretical mass of product × 100
How do you calculate percentage atom economy?
% atom economy = mass of desired product / total mass of reactants × 100
What is the empirical formula of a compound?
The simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a substance e.g.
SiO2 = 1:2
How do you fine the molecular formula from the empirical formula?
Mr / Mr of empirical formula
How do you calculate the idea gas equation?
PV = nRT
P = pressure (Pa)
V = volume (m³)
n = number of moles
R = gas constant (always 8.31 J mol)
T = temperature (K)
How do you convert °C to K?
°C + 273 = K
How do you calculate the concentration of a solution?
Concentration = moles / volume (dm³)
Why might a reaction not have 100% percentage yield?
- The reaction may be reversible
- Some of the product may be lost when separated from the reaction mixture
- Some of the reactants may react in other reactions
