Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHA 411 > Amoebicides > Flashcards

Amoebicides Flashcards

1
Q

What is amoebiasis?

A

Amoebiasis refers to gastrointestinal infection caused by the protozoan, Entamoeba histolytica, that may or may not be symptomatic and can remain latent in an infected person for several years.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the mode of transmission of amoebiasis?

A

Amoebiasis is transmitted through ingestion of foods or drinks contaminated with faeces of infected person containing the cysts of Entamoeba histolytica.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the classifications of amoebiasis?

A

Mild amoebiasis
Severe amoebiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the symptoms of mild amoebiasis?

A

There are no symptoms, but E. histolytica is present in the gut.

No intestinal or blood invasion and no complications.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the symptoms of severe amoebiasis?

A
  1. Intestinal invasion: amoebic dysentery
  2. Blood invasion: amoebic liver abscess, colonic perforation, severe colitis
  3. Complications: Colonic perforation, anaemia and severe colitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How can you prevent amoebiasis?

A
  1. Wash hands thoroughly after using the toilet
  2. Clean bathrooms and toilets often especially toilet seats
  3. Avoid sharing towels or face washers
  4. Avoid raw vegetables when in endemic areas
  5. Boil water or treat with iodine tablets before drinking
  6. Avoid eating street foods especially in public places where others are sharing sauces in one container
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Classes of amoebicides

A
  1. Tissue amoebicides
  2. Luminal amoebicides
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Examples of tissue amoebicides

A
  1. Nitroimidazoles e.g., Metronidazole, Azanidazole, Secnidazole, Tinidazole
    (M-A-S-T)
  2. Isoquinolone e.g., Emetine, Dehydroemetine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Examples of luminal amoebicides

A
  1. Hydroxyquinoline e.g., Diiodohydroxyquinoline (Iodoquinol), Broxyquinoline, Tilbroquinol, Clioquinol
  2. Dichloroacetamide e.g., Teclozan, Etofamide, Clefamide, Diloxanide
  3. Aminoglycosides e.g., Paromomycin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Uses of Metronidazole

A
  1. Bacterial vaginosis
  2. Amoebiasis
  3. Giardiasis
  4. Trichomoniasis
  5. Infections caused by susceptible anaerobic organisms
  6. Helicobacter pylori eradication
  7. To prevent infection in people recovering from surgery.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the adult dosage of metronidazole?

A

400mg tabs tds for 10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the mechanism of action of metronidazole?

A

Unknown for Entamoeba histolytica infection.

For aneaerobic bacteria, it inhibits nucleic acid synthesis by disrupting the DNA of microbial cells following its reduction in the cells. Little effect in human and aerobic bacteria cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Metronidazole side effects

A

Nausea, diarrhoea, weight loss, abdominal pain, vomiting, headache, Antabuse reaction, dizziness, and a metallic taste in the mouth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is an Antabuse (Disulfaram-like) reaction?

A

It is the generation of symptoms when alcohol is taken with a medication. e.g., nausea, vomiting, headache, increased BP, flushing & shortness of breath

Disulfaram (Antabuse) uses this mechanism to treat alcoholism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Uses of secnidazole

A

Treatment of amoebiasis, giardiasis, trichomoniasis, and bacterial vaginosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mechanism of action of secnidazole

A

For aneaerobic bacteria, it inhibits nucleic acid synthesis by disrupting the DNA of microbial cells following its reduction in the cells. Little effect in human and aerobic bacteria cells

14
Q

Side effects of secnidazole

A

GIT discomfort

15
Q

Adult dose of secnidazole

A

1g (4 tabs) at once

16
Q

Uses of Paromomycin

A

Treatment of amoebiasis, cryptosporidiosis, leishmaniasis and bacteria infections

17
Q

Mechanism of action of Paromomycin

A

Paromomycin inhibits protein synthesis in non-resistant cells by binding to 16S ribosomal RNA

18
Q

Side effects of Paromomycin

A

Nausea, diarrhea, abdominal cramps

19
Q

Adult dose of paromomycin

A

Caps 25-35mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses for 5-10 days

20
Q

Uses of Diloxanide furoate (Furamide)

A

Luminal amoebiasis

21
Q

Side effects of Diloxanide

A

Skin rash, flatulence, abdominal cramps

22
Q

Adult dose of Diloxanide

A

Tabs 500mg three times daily for 10 days

23
Q

Uses of Diiodohydroxyquinoline (Iodoquinol)

A

Luminal amoebiasis

24
Q

Mechanism of action of Iodoquinol

A

It acts by chelating ferrous ions essential for metabolism

25
Q

Side effects of Iodoquinol

A

Fever, chills, hypersensitivity, thyroid gland enlargement, diarhoea

26
Q

Adult dose of Iodoquinol

A

650mg tds for 20days

27
Q

Treatment regiment for Amoebic liver abscess

A

Nitroimidazoles (Metronidazole 400 mg three times a day for 10 days or Tinidazole 2g once a day for 6 days)
+
A luminal amoebicide Diloxanide furoate 500 mg three times a day for 10 days (or one of the other luminal amoebicides) must always be given afterwards

i.e., start treatment with tissue amoebicides; when course is completed, treat with luminal amoebicides

PHA 411 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions