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BIO564 > Amoebas > Flashcards

Amoebas Flashcards

1
Q

What is pathogenicity?

A

Ability of an organism to cause disease

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2
Q

What is encystment?

A

Process of forming or becoming enclosed in a cyst or capsule

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3
Q

What is four major groups of protozoans?

A

Amoeba, flagellate, ciliate, apicomplexan

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4
Q

How did Sarcodina moves?

A

Using pseudopodia

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5
Q

How did Mastigophora moves?

A

By using flagella

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6
Q

What stage is attained by an amoeba after excystation?

A

Trophozoite

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7
Q

Name the only amoeba that is a true pathogen

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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8
Q

What organism is distinguishable from E. histolytica?

A

Entamoeba dispar

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9
Q

The small race version of E. histolytica

A

Entamoeba hartmanni

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10
Q

True or false? E.despair is pathogenic

A

False

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11
Q

Name the soul determinant that distinguishes E. histolytica from E. dispar under the microscope

A

Presence of ingested RBCs

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12
Q

True or false? E. histolytica is seen worldwide in all ages sexes and races

A

True

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13
Q

Types of E.histolytica infections
a) hepatitis
b) asymptomatic colonisation
c) asthma
d) extra intestinal amebiasis
e) invasive intestinal amebiasis/amoebic dysentery
f) conjunctivitis

A

Bde

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14
Q

What is the shape of the ulceration that characterise an infection with E. histolytica?

A

Flask-shaped

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15
Q

Extraintestinal amebiasis can affect
a) lungs
b) liver
c) intestine
d) brain
e) all but c are correct

A
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16
Q

True or false? Trophozoites of E. histolytica are commonly found in solid or formed stool

A

False

17
Q

True or false? the diagnostic and infective stage of E. histolytica is when infective cysts pass in feces (trophozoites may be I.D.ed in soft/liquid feces)

A

True

18
Q

Where does excystation occur for E. histolytica?

A

Small intestine specifically the ileum

19
Q

Where do trophozoites of E. histolytica undergo asexual division or binary fission?

A

Large intestine

20
Q

Method of infection for E. histolytica

A

Ingestion

21
Q

What is trophozoites?

A

the active, motile, feeding stage of a protozoan parasite (vegetative stage - reproduction or propagation achieved by asexual mean)

22
Q

What is cyst?

A

stage in parasite’s life cycle (outside a host or in tissues) that resistance to unfavorable conditions (dormant or resting stage)

23
Q

What is reservoir host?

A

An animal host that makes the parasite available for the transmission to another host (human)

24
Q

What is the mode of transmission of E. histolytica?

A

Feco-oral (ingestion of food or water contaminated with faeces)

25
Q

How did hepatic amebiasis happen?

A

The trophozoites will travel to the liver via hepatoportal system to form abscess

26
Q

What is necrosis?

A

Premature death of cell and living tissues

27
Q

What is granuloma?

A

It is an inflammation that may contain collected immune cells which is macrophages

28
Q

What is the lead symptom of hepatic amoebiasis?

A

Right upper quadrant pain and fever

29
Q

What are the symptoms of amoebiasis?

A

pain in the entire abdomen
• fulminating (occur suddenly with great intensity) diarrhea
• dehydration
• loss of blood
intermittent diarrhea
cramps
vomiting
general malaise

30
Q

What are the symptoms of acute amoebic dysentery?

A

headache, fever, severe abdominal cramps and
prolonged ineffective straining at stool

31
Q

What are the diagnosis for amoebiasis?

A

• Trophozoites or cysts in stool examination:
• 4 nuclei vs. 8 nuclei for Entamoeba coli
• Direct smear examination:
• Wet mount technique & Fixed and stained (Trichrome)
• Nested PCR and monoclonal antibody.
• E. dispar vs. E. histolytica
• X-ray examination/ scanning liver (ultrasound).
• ELISA assays for amebic lectin antigen (in saliva).
• Serology:
• Secondary amebiasis & extraintestinal amebiasis
• Other specimens:
• Liver abscess (a collection of pus (dead neutrophils) aspirates

32
Q

What is the treatment for E. histolytica?

A

Metronidazole and Tetracycline (antibiotic) combination with diiodohydroxyquin

BIO564 (1 decks)

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