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Parasitology > Amoeba > Flashcards

Amoeba Flashcards

1
Q

List of Amoeba

A

Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba hartmannii, Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana, and Iodamoeba butschlii

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2
Q

List of Amoeboflagellates

A

Acanthamoeba and Naegleria fowleri

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3
Q

List of Flagellates

A

Giardia spp., Dientamoeba fragillis, Chilomastrix mesnili, and Trichomonas spp.

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4
Q

List of Hemoflagellates

A

Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma spp.

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5
Q

What is the pathogenic ciliate?

A

The only ciliate that is pathogenic to humans is Balantidium coli

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6
Q

List of Coccidia

A

Cryptosporidium parvum, Cyclospora cayetanesis, Cystioisospora belli, Blastocystic hominis, and Microsporidia spp.

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7
Q

Which stain should be used for Trophozoites?

A

It can be unstained with saline or formalin or stained with neutral red or a permanent stain

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8
Q

Which stain should be used for cysts?

A

It can be unstained with saline or formalin or stained with iodine or a permanent stain

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9
Q

Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites characteristics

A

10-60 um, 1 nucleus (not visible in unstained preps), usually a small centrally located karyosome

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10
Q

Entamoeba hartmanni trophozoites characteristics

A

5-12 um, 1 nucleus (no visible in unstained preps), usually has a small eccentric karyosome

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11
Q

Entamoeba coli trophozoites characteristics

A

15-50 um, 1 nucleus (often visible without a stain), large eccentric karyosome

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12
Q

Endolimax nana trophozoites characteristics

A

6-12 um, 1 nucleus that is visible sometimes unstained, no peripheral chromatin and a large irregularly shaped karyosome

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13
Q

Iodamoeba buetschlii trophozoites characteristics

A

8-20 um, 1 nucleus not visible unstained, no peripheral chromatin, and a large centrally located karyosome that is surrounded by refractile granules

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14
Q

Dientamoeba fragilis trophozoite characteristics

A

5-15 um, 2 nuclei (sometimes only 1) cannot be seen unstained, no peripheral chromatin, and a large cluster of 4-8 granules for the karyosome

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15
Q

Entamoeba histolytica cyst characteristics

A

10-20 um, 4 nuclei in mature cysts

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16
Q

Entamoeba hartmanni cyst characteristics

A

5-10 um, 4 nuclei in mature cysts

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17
Q

Entamoeba coli cyst characteristics

A

10-35 um, 8 nuclei in mature cysts (there are sometimes super-nucleated cysts with 16+ nuclei)

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18
Q

Endolimax nana cyst characteristics

A

5-10 um, 4 nuclei in mature cysts

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19
Q

Iodamoeba buetschlii cyst characteristics

A

5-20 um, 1 nucleus

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20
Q

Pentatrichomonas hominis trophozoite characteristics

A

6-20 um, pear shaped with 1 nucleus, 3-5 anterior flagella and 1 posterior

21
Q

Chilomastix mesnili trophozoite characteristics

A

6-24 um, pear shaped with 1 nucleus, 3 anterior flagella and 1 in the cytosome

22
Q

Giardia duodenalis trophozoite characteristics

A

10-20 um, pear shaped with 2 nuclei, and 4 lateral, 2 ventral, and 2 caudal flagella

23
Q

Enteromonas hominis trophozoite characteristics

A

4-10 um, oval shaped with 1 nucleus, and 3 anterior and 1 posterior flagella

24
Q

Retortamonas intestinalis trophozoite characteristics

A

4-9 um, pear shaped with 1 nucleus, and 1 anterior and 1 posterior flagella

25
Q

Pentratrichomonas hominis cyst characteristics

A

This organism does not have a cyst form

26
Q

Chilomastix mesnili cyst characteristics

A

6-10 um, lemon shaped with anterior hyaline knob, 1 nucleus

27
Q

Giardia duodenalis cyst characteristics

A

8-19 um, oval shaped with 5 nuclei

28
Q

Enteromonas hominis cyst characteristics

A

4-10 um, with 1-4 nuclei but usually 2 lying at opposite ends

29
Q

Retortamonas intestinalis cyst characteristics

A

4-9 um, pear shaped with 1 nucleus

30
Q

Balantidium coli characteristics

A

Trophozoite: 50-70 um, 1 large kidney shaped macronucleus and 1 small micronucleus adjacent to it
Cyst: 45-65 um, 1 large macronucleus

31
Q

Cystoisospora belli characteristics

A

Oocyst: 25-30 um, non motile, usually diagnosed when there is an immature oocyst with a single granular mass (zygote) within it. Mature oocyst has 2 sporocysts with 4 sporozoites each

32
Q

Sarcocystis hominis

A

sporocyst: 13-17 um, non motile, mature oocysts have a thin wall collapsed around 2 sporocysts or free fully mature sporocysts with 4 sporozoites inside are seen in stool

33
Q

Sarcocystic suhominis characteristics

A

sporocyst: 1-15 um, non motile, same as other species

34
Q

Cryptosporidium characteristics

A

Oocyst: 3-6 um, non motile, mature oocyst contains 4 naked sporozoites and there are no sporocysts seen

35
Q

Blastocystic hominis

A

Vacuolated form: 5-30 um, non motile, usually 1 nucleus but can have 2-4, cells contain a large vacuole

36
Q

Naegleria fowler clinical disease

A

Causes severe CNS dysfunction with rapid degeneration caused by hemorrhagic-necrotizing meningoencephalitis (causes amebic meningoencephalitis)

37
Q

Naegleria folwer characteristics

A

Trophozoites (infective form): 7-35 um with a large central karyosome
Cysts (not found in tissue): 7-15 um with a thick double wall
Can have a flagellated stage

38
Q

Acathamoeba spp. clinical disease

A

Causes granulamatous amebic encephalitis; contact lens use is the most important risk factor for the developed world

39
Q

Acanthamoeba spp. characteristics

A

Trophozoites (infective form): 1 nucleus and a large central nucleolus and a large vacuole, and 15-45 um
Cysts: 8-24 um, rounded with a double wall

40
Q

Balamuthia mandrillaris characteristics

A

Cannot be distinguished from Acanthamoeba without molecular testing

41
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis characteristics

A

Trophozoite: 7-30 um, 4 anterior flagella and 1 posterior with a large nucleus. Does not have a cyst form and does not survive well in the environment. Passed as an STD

42
Q

Toxoplasma gondii characteristics

A

Trophozoites: 4-8 um, with a tapered anterior end and blunt posterior end
Oocysts are the infective stage

43
Q

Leishmania spp. clinical disease

A

causes leishmaniasis: vector-borne disease transmitted by sandflies. There are two main forms of disease - cutaneous (lesions/sores) or visceral (fever, weight loss, swollen glands, and an enlarged spleen and liver)

44
Q

Leishmania spp. characteristics

A

Amastigotes: 1-5 um with a large nucleus and resides in macrophages of the host throughout the body
The infective stage that is transmitted from the sandfly to human is the promastigotes which will become amastigotes

45
Q

Trypanosoma brucei clinical disease

A

Referred to as African trypanosomes/Sleeping sickness. The first stage of disease is characterized by nonspecific signs like fever and lymphadenopathy. The second stage occurs with the invasion of the CNS leading to neuropsychiatric manifestations like sleep disorders

46
Q

Trypanosoma brucei characteristics

A

The infective form passed from the tsetse fly to humans is the metacyclic trypomastigotes. 14-33 um

47
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi clinical disease

A

causes Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis). There is an acute and chronic phase where the acute phase is generally asymptomatic or nonspecific somatic symptoms. Nodule lesions (chagomas) can develop around the feeding site

48
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi characteristics

A

The infected triatomine insect releases trypomastigotes in its feces near the bite wound and it enters the skin. They are only found in blood of an infected person, 12-30 um

Parasitology (1 decks)

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